Description:
<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim</jats:title><jats:p>Evidence suggests the possibility that pre‐existing chronic kidney (<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">CKD</jats:styled-content>) disease may result in a more severe outcome of acute kidney injury (<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">AKI</jats:styled-content>). The aim of this study was to examine whether <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">CKD</jats:styled-content> enhances the inflammatory response in the kidney, as well as other organs, in response to <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">AKI</jats:styled-content> in rats.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods</jats:title><jats:p><jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">CKD</jats:styled-content> was induced by 5/6 nephrectomy (<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">Nx</jats:styled-content>) and <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">AKI</jats:styled-content> by intestinal ischaemia and reperfusion (<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">IIR</jats:styled-content>).</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results</jats:title><jats:p>For 6 weeks following <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">Nx</jats:styled-content> there was a progressive increase in serum creatinine with associated development of albuminuria. The increment in creatinine above baseline determination 90 min following <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">IIR</jats:styled-content> was comparable in 5/6 <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">Nx</jats:styled-content> and in the sham 5/6 <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">Nx</jats:styled-content>. Similarly, increased levels of serum alanine transaminase and histomorphological changes in the lungs were observed in the rats exposed to <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">IIR</jats:styled-content> compared with those exposed to sham <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">IIR</jats:styled-content>, with no additional significant impact of 5/6 <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">Nx</jats:styled-content>. In kidney tissue the levels of cytokines/chemokines were equally elevated regardless of exposure to sham <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">IIR</jats:styled-content> or <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">IIR</jats:styled-content>. In lung and liver tissue the levels of cytokines/chemokines were equally elevated in the rats that were exposed to <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">IIR</jats:styled-content>, regardless of exposure to sham <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">Nx</jats:styled-content> or <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">Nx</jats:styled-content>.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion</jats:title><jats:p>We conclude that the immediate severity of <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">AKI</jats:styled-content> induced by <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">IIR</jats:styled-content> in rats with <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">CKD</jats:styled-content> is similar to that induced in rats without <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">CKD</jats:styled-content>. However, the impact of <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">Nx</jats:styled-content> on the cytokine/chemokine response after <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">AKI</jats:styled-content> is not uniform in kidney, lung or liver tissue.</jats:p></jats:sec>