• Media type: E-Article
  • Title: New approach for an industrial low-temperature roll-to-roll CI(G)Se hybrid sputter coevaporation deposition process
  • Contributor: Weinberger, Nikolaus; Stock, David; Kaufmann, Christian Alexander; Kodalle, Tim; Heinemann, Marc D.; Huber, Daniel; Harnisch, Martina; Zimmermann, Andreas; Strauss, Georg N.; Lackner, Roman
  • Published: American Vacuum Society, 2020
  • Published in: Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A: Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films, 38 (2020) 3
  • Language: English
  • DOI: 10.1116/1.5142830
  • ISSN: 1520-8559; 0734-2101
  • Origination:
  • Footnote:
  • Description: A new industrial approach for the production of CuInSe2 (CISe) absorber layers in a roll-to-roll process is described. This process is used by Sunplugged GmbH and combines magnetron sputtering with thermal coevaporation. A CISe-based device with a conversion efficiency of more than 10% has been fabricated from absorbers grown on polyimide at low temperature. The characteristic properties of a copper-poor ([Cu]/[In] = 0.73) CISe layer, deposited by Sunplugged's industrial process, are compared to those of a state-of-the-art, more copper-rich ([Cu]/[In] = 0.93) layer, grown in a molecular beam epitaxy system at Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin. The presence of a so called vacancy-compound in low [Cu]/[In] CISe devices exhibiting an increased bandgap energy is visible by external quantum efficiency measurements, Raman scattering, and scaps simulations.