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Media type:
E-Article
Title:
The Endemic Treponematoses
Contributor:
Giacani, Lorenzo;
Lukehart, Sheila A.
imprint:
American Society for Microbiology, 2014
Published in:Clinical Microbiology Reviews
Language:
English
DOI:
10.1128/cmr.00070-13
ISSN:
0893-8512;
1098-6618
Origination:
Footnote:
Description:
<jats:title>SUMMARY</jats:title><jats:p>The agents of human treponematoses include four closely related members of the genus<jats:named-content content-type="genus-species">Treponema</jats:named-content>: three subspecies of<jats:named-content content-type="genus-species">Treponema pallidum</jats:named-content>plus<jats:named-content content-type="genus-species">Treponema carateum</jats:named-content>.<jats:named-content content-type="genus-species">T. pallidum</jats:named-content>subsp.<jats:named-content content-type="genus-species">pallidum</jats:named-content>causes venereal syphilis, while<jats:named-content content-type="genus-species">T. pallidum</jats:named-content>subsp.<jats:named-content content-type="genus-species">pertenue</jats:named-content>,<jats:named-content content-type="genus-species">T. pallidum</jats:named-content>subsp.<jats:named-content content-type="genus-species">endemicum</jats:named-content>, and<jats:named-content content-type="genus-species">T. carateum</jats:named-content>are the agents of the endemic treponematoses yaws, bejel (or endemic syphilis), and pinta, respectively. All human treponematoses share remarkable similarities in pathogenesis and clinical manifestations, consistent with the high genetic and antigenic relatedness of their etiological agents. Distinctive features have been identified in terms of age of acquisition, most common mode of transmission, and capacity for invasion of the central nervous system and fetus, although the accuracy of these purported differences is debated among investigators and no biological basis for these differences has been identified to date. In 2012, the World Health Organization (WHO) officially set a goal for yaws eradication by 2020. This challenging but potentially feasible endeavor is favored by the adoption of oral azithromycin for mass treatment and the currently focused distribution of yaws and endemic treponematoses and has revived global interest in these fascinating diseases and their causative agents.</jats:p>