Pathogen Evolution In Vivo: Genome Dynamics of Two Isolates Obtained 9 Years Apart from a Duodenal Ulcer Patient Infected with a Single Helicobacter pylori Strain
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Media type:
E-Article
Title:
Pathogen Evolution In Vivo: Genome Dynamics of Two Isolates Obtained 9 Years Apart from a Duodenal Ulcer Patient Infected with a Single Helicobacter pylori Strain
Description:
<jats:title>ABSTRACT</jats:title>
<jats:p>
The survival and microevolution of
<jats:italic>Helicobacter pylori</jats:italic>
strains in the niches of the stomach after eradication therapy have largely been unexplored. We analyzed genomic signatures for two successive isolates obtained 9 years apart from a duodenal ulcer patient who underwent eradication therapy for
<jats:italic>H. pylori</jats:italic>
. These isolates were genotyped based on 50 different parameters involving three different fingerprinting approaches and several evolutionarily significant and virulence-associated landmarks in the genome, including nine informative gene loci, the
<jats:italic>cag</jats:italic>
pathogenicity island and its right junction, members of the plasticity region cluster, and
<jats:italic>vacA</jats:italic>
and
<jats:italic>iceA</jats:italic>
alleles. Our observations reveal that the two isolates were derived from the same strain that colonized the patient for almost a decade and were almost identical. Microevolution, however, was observed in the
<jats:italic>cagA</jats:italic>
gene and its right junction, the
<jats:italic>vacA</jats:italic>
m1 allele, and a member of the plasticity region cluster (JHP926). These results suggest that
<jats:italic>H. pylori</jats:italic>
has a great ability to survive and reemerge as a microevolved strain posteradication, thereby hinting at the requirement for follow-up of patients after therapy.
</jats:p>