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Ponnaiah, Manickam; Ganesan, Sivaraman; Bhatnagar, Tarun; Thulasingam, Mahalakshmy; Majella, Marie Gilbert; Karuppiah, Mathan; Rizwan, S. A.; Alexander, Arun; Sarkar, Sonali; Kar, Sitanshu Sekhar; Kadhiravan, Tamilarasu; Bhatnagar, Aparna; S., Prasanna Kumar; Pillai, Vivekanandan M.; Nair, Pradeep Pankajakshan; Dhodapkar, Rahul; Ch Toi, Pampa; Singh, Rakesh; Kasthuri, Nirupama; Kumar, Girish C. P.; Jaisankar, Saranya; Saini, Vaibhav; Kankaria, Ankita; Raj, Anuradha; [...]

Hyperglycemia and steroid use increase the risk of rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis regardless of COVID-19 hospitalization: Case-control study, India

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  • Media type: E-Article
  • Title: Hyperglycemia and steroid use increase the risk of rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis regardless of COVID-19 hospitalization: Case-control study, India
  • Contributor: Ponnaiah, Manickam; Ganesan, Sivaraman; Bhatnagar, Tarun; Thulasingam, Mahalakshmy; Majella, Marie Gilbert; Karuppiah, Mathan; Rizwan, S. A.; Alexander, Arun; Sarkar, Sonali; Kar, Sitanshu Sekhar; Kadhiravan, Tamilarasu; Bhatnagar, Aparna; S., Prasanna Kumar; Pillai, Vivekanandan M.; Nair, Pradeep Pankajakshan; Dhodapkar, Rahul; Ch Toi, Pampa; Singh, Rakesh; Kasthuri, Nirupama; Kumar, Girish C. P.; Jaisankar, Saranya; Saini, Vaibhav; Kankaria, Ankita; Raj, Anuradha; [...]
  • imprint: Public Library of Science (PLoS), 2022
  • Published in: PLOS ONE
  • Language: English
  • DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0272042
  • ISSN: 1932-6203
  • Origination:
  • Footnote:
  • Description: <jats:sec id="sec001"> <jats:title>Background</jats:title> <jats:p>In the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, an increased incidence of ROCM was noted in India among those infected with COVID. We determined risk factors for rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis (ROCM) post Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) among those never and ever hospitalized for COVID-19 separately through a multicentric, hospital-based, unmatched case-control study across India.</jats:p> </jats:sec> <jats:sec id="sec002"> <jats:title>Methods</jats:title> <jats:p>We defined cases and controls as those with and without post-COVID ROCM, respectively. We compared their socio-demographics, co-morbidities, steroid use, glycaemic status, and practices. We calculated crude and adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) through logistic regression. The covariates with a p-value for crude OR of less than 0·20 were considered for the regression model.</jats:p> </jats:sec> <jats:sec id="sec003"> <jats:title>Results</jats:title> <jats:p>Among hospitalised, we recruited 267 cases and 256 controls and 116 cases and 231 controls among never hospitalised. Risk factors (AOR; 95% CI) for post-COVID ROCM among the hospitalised were age 45–59 years (2·1; 1·4 to 3·1), having diabetes mellitus (4·9; 3·4 to 7·1), elevated plasma glucose (6·4; 2·4 to 17·2), steroid use (3·2; 2 to 5·2) and frequent nasal washing (4·8; 1·4 to 17). Among those never hospitalised, age ≥ 60 years (6·6; 3·3 to 13·3), having diabetes mellitus (6·7; 3·8 to 11·6), elevated plasma glucose (13·7; 2·2 to 84), steroid use (9·8; 5·8 to 16·6), and cloth facemask use (2·6; 1·5 to 4·5) were associated with increased risk of post-COVID ROCM.</jats:p> </jats:sec> <jats:sec id="sec004"> <jats:title>Conclusions</jats:title> <jats:p>Hyperglycemia, irrespective of having diabetes mellitus and steroid use, was associated with an increased risk of ROCM independent of COVID-19 hospitalisation. Rational steroid usage and glucose monitoring may reduce the risk of post-COVID.</jats:p> </jats:sec>
  • Access State: Open Access