Description:
<jats:p>Introduction. Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage is not a monophasic event,
but a condition characterized by hematoma expansion with mechanical damage
to the surrounding tissue. The development of multiple complications is
associated with a high mortality rate of 40%. In order to make therapeutic
decisions, it is important to know what factors predict the outcome in these
patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate outcome prediction scales in
patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage according to functional
outcome at 7 and 30 days after the onset. Material and Methods. A three-year
retrospective study (2017 - 2019) included 116 patients treated at the
Emergency Center, Clinical Center of Vojvodina, Novi Sad, Serbia. The
collected data included the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, the
original intracerebral hemorrhage score, the modified Graeb score and
Glasgow coma scale. Demographic data, localization, shape and volume of
hematomas, as well as occurrence of intraventricular hemorrhage were
compared. Results. In the group of 116 patients, male gender was dominant
(82%) as well as the age over 65 years (56%); Glasgow coma scale: 1.5
interquartile range = 1 - 2 points, National Institutes of Health Stroke
Scale 24, interquartile range = 15 - 32, intracerebral hemorrhage score 3 -
4 (68.1%). Intraventricular hemorrhage was found in 82.3% and oval hematoma
in 71.6% of patients. The mortality rate was highest in the first 7 days
(41.4%). The 7-day and 30-day mortality was significantly associated with
the intracerebral hemorrhage score (p = 0.000) and the intracerebral
hemorrhage volume (p = 0.014). Conclusion. Elderly men with known vascular
risk factors are prone to spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage. The
intracerebral hemorrhage score and hematoma volume may be the potential
indicators of poor outcome in the first 7 days of spontaneous intracerebral
hemorrhage.</jats:p>