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Media type:
E-Article
Title:
Epidemiology of the Epstein–Barr Virus in Autoimmune Inflammatory Rheumatic Diseases in Northern Brazil
Contributor:
França, Samires Avelino de Souza;
Viana, Julimar Benedita Gomes de Oliveira;
Góes, Hilda Carla Azevedo;
Fonseca, Ricardo Roberto de Souza;
Laurentino, Rogério Valois;
Costa, Igor Brasil;
Oliveira-Filho, Aldemir Branco;
Machado, Luiz Fernando Almeida
imprint:
MDPI AG, 2022
Published in:Viruses
Language:
English
DOI:
10.3390/v14040694
ISSN:
1999-4915
Origination:
Footnote:
Description:
<jats:p>The present study aimed to describe the seroprevalence infection, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) genotypes, relate the infection’s profile with the epidemiological and corticotherapy data of patients with Autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic diseases (AIRD). A cross-sectional study was carried out with 139 individuals, 92 with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), 27 with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and 20 with other autoimmune diseases, who were undergoing clinical follow-up in Brazil. Serological tests for the detection of EBV anti-VCA IgM and IgG antibodies, as well as the amplification of a segment of the EBV EBNA-3c gene by conventional PCR were performed to identify the infection and the viral subtype. The Epstein–Barr nuclear antigen 3 (EBNA3C) gene participates of maintenance of viral latency and infected B-lymphocytes immortalization by unclear signaling cascades. The association of active/latent EBV infection with EBV infection profile was assessed by Fisher’s exact test and multiple logistic regression. The seroprevalence of EBV anti-VCA IgG was 100%, while that of anti-VCA IgM was 1.43% (2/139). Active-phase infection was confirmed by the presence of EBV DNA in 40.29% of the population evaluated (56/139), with 45.65% (42/92) in SLE, 25.92% (7/27) in the RA and in 35% (7/20) in other autoimmune diseases. It was observed that individuals with SLE had a higher prevalence of active/lytic EBV infection and that oral corticosteroid therapy at a dose lower than 20 mg/day increased the risk of EBV activity by up to 11 times. Only the presence of EBV-1 was identified. Thus, EBV lytic infection was higher in individuals with SLE when compared to other autoimmune diseases with rheumatologic involvement and the lytic activity of the virus precedes corticosteroid-induced immunosuppression.</jats:p>