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Media type:
E-Article
Title:
Recent Advances in Bacterial Amelioration of Plant Drought and Salt Stress
Contributor:
Gamalero, Elisa;
Glick, Bernard R.
Published:
MDPI AG, 2022
Published in:
Biology, 11 (2022) 3, Seite 437
Language:
English
DOI:
10.3390/biology11030437
ISSN:
2079-7737
Origination:
Footnote:
Description:
The recent literature indicates that plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) employ a range of mechanisms to augment a plant’s ability to ameliorate salt and drought stress. These mechanisms include synthesis of auxins, especially indoleacetic acid, which directly promotes plant growth; synthesis of antioxidant enzymes such as catalase, superoxide dismutase and peroxidase, which prevents the deleterious effects of reactive oxygen species; synthesis of small molecule osmolytes, e.g., trehalose and proline, which structures the water content within plant and bacterial cells and reduces plant turgor pressure; nitrogen fixation, which directly improves plant growth; synthesis of exopolysaccharides, which protects plant cells from water loss and stabilizes soil aggregates; synthesis of antibiotics, which protects stress-debilitated plants from soil pathogens; and synthesis of the enzyme 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase, which lowers the level of ACC and ethylene in plants, thereby decreasing stress-induced plant senescence. Many of the reports of overcoming these plant stresses indicate that the most successful PGPB possess several of these mechanisms; however, the involvement of any particular mechanism in plant protection is nearly always inferred and not proven.