You can manage bookmarks using lists, please log in to your user account for this.
Media type:
E-Article
Title:
Ion and Water Transport in Neutrophil Granulocytes and Its Impairment during Sepsis
Contributor:
Messerer, David Alexander Christian;
Schmidt, Hanna;
Frick, Manfred;
Huber-Lang, Markus
Published:
MDPI AG, 2021
Published in:
International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 22 (2021) 4, Seite 1699
Language:
English
DOI:
10.3390/ijms22041699
ISSN:
1422-0067
Origination:
Footnote:
Description:
Neutrophil granulocytes are the vanguard of innate immunity in response to numerous pathogens. Their activity drives the clearance of microbe- and damage-associated molecular patterns, thereby contributing substantially to the resolution of inflammation. However, excessive stimulation during sepsis leads to cellular unresponsiveness, immunological dysfunction, bacterial expansion, and subsequent multiple organ dysfunction. During the short lifespan of neutrophils, they can become significantly activated by complement factors, cytokines, and other inflammatory mediators. Following stimulation, the cells respond with a defined (electro-)physiological pattern, including depolarization, calcium influx, and alkalization as well as with increased metabolic activity and polarization of the actin cytoskeleton. Activity of ion transport proteins and aquaporins is critical for multiple cellular functions of innate immune cells, including chemotaxis, generation of reactive oxygen species, and phagocytosis of both pathogens and tissue debris. In this review, we first describe the ion transport proteins and aquaporins involved in the neutrophil ion–water fluxes in response to chemoattractants. We then relate ion and water flux to cellular functions with a focus on danger sensing, chemotaxis, phagocytosis, and oxidative burst and approach the role of altered ion transport protein expression and activity in impaired cellular functions and cell death during systemic inflammation as in sepsis.