• Media type: E-Article
  • Title: Invariance of the Mathematical Expectation of a Random Quantity and Its Consequences
  • Contributor: Angelini, Pierpaolo
  • Published: MDPI AG, 2024
  • Published in: Risks, 12 (2024) 1, Seite 14
  • Language: English
  • DOI: 10.3390/risks12010014
  • ISSN: 2227-9091
  • Keywords: Strategy and Management ; Economics, Econometrics and Finance (miscellaneous) ; Accounting
  • Origination:
  • Footnote:
  • Description: <jats:p>Possibility and probability are the two aspects of uncertainty, where uncertainty represents the ignorance of a given individual. The notion of alternative (or event) belongs to the domain of possibility. An event is intrinsically subdivisible and a quadratic metric, whose value is intrinsic or invariant, is used to study it. By subdividing the notion of alternative, a joint (bivariate) distribution of mass appears. The mathematical expectation of X is proved to be invariant using joint distributions of mass. The same is true for X12 and X12…m. This paper describes the notion of α-product, which refers to joint distributions of mass, as a way to connect the concept of probability with multilinear matters that can be treated through statistical inference. This multilinear approach is a meaningful innovation with regard to the current literature. Linear spaces over R with a different dimension can be used as elements of probability spaces. In this study, a more general expression for a measure of variability referred to a single random quantity is obtained. This multilinear measure is obtained using different joint distributions of mass, which are all considered together.</jats:p>
  • Access State: Open Access