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Bjerregaard, Bine Kjøller; Raaschou-Nielsen, Ole; Sørensen, Mette; Frederiksen, Kirsten; Tjønneland, Anne; Rohrmann, Sabine; Linseisen, Jakob; Bergman, Manuela M.; Boeing, Heiner; Sieri, Sabina; Palli, Domenico; Tumino, Rosario; Sacerdote, Carlotta; Bueno-De-Mesquita, H. Bas; Büchner, Frederike L.; Gram, Inger Torhild; Braaten, Tonje; Lund, Eiliv; Hallmans, Göran; Ågren, Åsa; Riboli, Elio

The Effect of Occasional Smoking on Smoking-Related Cancers in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)

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  • Media type: E-Article
  • Title: The Effect of Occasional Smoking on Smoking-Related Cancers in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)
  • Contributor: Bjerregaard, Bine Kjøller; Raaschou-Nielsen, Ole; Sørensen, Mette; Frederiksen, Kirsten; Tjønneland, Anne; Rohrmann, Sabine; Linseisen, Jakob; Bergman, Manuela M.; Boeing, Heiner; Sieri, Sabina; Palli, Domenico; Tumino, Rosario; Sacerdote, Carlotta; Bueno-De-Mesquita, H. Bas; Büchner, Frederike L.; Gram, Inger Torhild; Braaten, Tonje; Lund, Eiliv; Hallmans, Göran; Ågren, Åsa; Riboli, Elio
  • Published: Springer, 2006
  • Published in: Cancer Causes & Control, 17 (2006) 10, Seite 1305-1309
  • Language: English
  • ISSN: 0957-5243; 1573-7225
  • Keywords: Brief Report
  • Origination:
  • University thesis:
  • Footnote:
  • Description: <p>Objective Most studies on tobacco smoking have focused on daily-smokers. Occasional smokers, who have never smoked daily, have often been included in the reference group of never-smokers. We have investigated the association between occasional smoking and cancer of the bladder, kidney, pancreas, upper aerodigestive tract and lung. Methods The study population consisted of 158,488 persons, who provided information on occasional smoking, within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC), 780 of whom developed a smoking-related cancer. We used Cox proportional hazard model, stratified by gender and country to estimate incidence rate ratios (IRR) for smoking-related cancers. Results The results suggest that occasional smokers have a higher risk of bladder cancer (IRR: 1.92, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.93-3.98) and of the major smoking-related cancers combined (IRR: 1.24, 95% CI 0.80-1.94) than true never-smokers. Including occasional smokers in the reference group resulted in a lower risk estimate for former and current smokers. Conclusions Occasional smoking should be discouraged.</p>