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Media type:
E-Article
Title:
New insights into the phylogeny and biogeography of the Gerbera- Complex (Asteraceae: Mutisieae)
Contributor:
Pasini, Eduardo;
Funk, Vicki A.;
de Souza-Chies, Tatiana T.;
Miotto, Sílvia T.S.
imprint:
International Association for Plant Taxonomy (IAPT), 2016
Published in:Taxon
Language:
English
ISSN:
0040-0262;
1996-8175
Origination:
Footnote:
Description:
<label>Abstract</label>
<p>The inter-generic relationships within the subfamily Mutisioideae (Asteraceae/Compositae) are historically uncertain. Most of the genera that once were recognized within the Mutisioideae s.l. are now segregated into a number of different tribes and subfamilies. In particular, the generic delimitations of the Gerbera-Complex, an informal group inside the tribe Mutisieae s.str., have been widely discussed. The species are generally herbs with monocephalous scapes and are grouped in eight genera: <italic>Amblysperma, Chaptalia, Gerbera, Leibnitzia, Lulia, Trichocline, Perdicium</italic> and <italic>Uechtritzia</italic>. The characters that delimit the inter-generic boundaries are still under discussion and the complex has never been the subject of a species-level molecular investigation to test the monophyly of the genera. This study presents a molecular phylogeny of the Gerbera-Complex based on both nuclear (ITS) and plastid (<italic>trnL-trnF, trnL-rpl32</italic>) markers, and provides the relative ages of this group and a reconstructed biogeographic history. The phylogenetic analysis showed two clades inside the Gerbera-Complex. Clade A contains only South American endemic genera, in which <italic>Lulia</italic> is sister to <italic>Brachyclados</italic>+<italic>Trichocline</italic>. Clade B mainly contains groups of taxa that colonized other continents including areas in the northern temperate latitudes. Clade B is further divided into two clades where <italic>Gerbera</italic> is shown to be non-monophyletic because the African <italic>Gerbera</italic> clade is sister to <italic>Amblysperma</italic> and the Asian <italic>Gerbera</italic> clade includes <italic>Uechtritzia</italic>. The biogeographic and molecular dating show a South American origin for the early-divergent nodes of the subfamily with a node age of 47.52–49.67 Ma in the Eocene. The Gerbera-Complex is likely to have originated in the Andes in the late Oligocene (mean node age of around 25.74 Ma) followed by long-distance dispersal events to North America and Asia, and separate dispersal events to Africa and Australia. This is the first phylogenetic analysis to show the systematic positions of <italic>Amblysperma, Lulia</italic> and <italic>Uechtritzia</italic>.</p>