Beschreibung:
The scientific study of emotion has long been dominated by theories emphasizing the subjective experience of emotions and their accompanying expressive and physiological responses. The processes by which different emotions are elicited has received less attention, the implicit assumption being that certain emotions arise automatically in response to certain types of events or situations. Such an assumption is incompatible with data showing that similar situations can provoke a range of emotions in different individuals, or even the same individual at different times. Appraisal theory, first suggested by Magda Arnold and Richard Lazarus, was formulated to address this shortcoming in our understanding of emotion. The central tenet of appraisal theory is that emotions are elicited according to an individual's subjective interpretation or evaluation of important events or situations. Appraisal research focuses on identifying the evaluative dimensions or criteria that predict which emotion will be elicited in an individual, as well as linking the appraisal process with the production of emotional responses. This book represents the first full-scale summary of the current state of appraisal research. Separate sections cover the history of apraisal theory and its fundamental ideas, the views of some of the major theorists currently active in the field, theoretical and methodological problems with the appraisal approach including suggestions for their resolution, social, cultural and individual differences and the application of appraisal theory to understanding and treating emotional pathology, and the methodology used in appraisal research including measuring and analyzing self-report, physiological, facial, and vocal indicators of appraisal, and simulating appraisal processes via computational models. Intended for advanced students and researchers in
Intro -- Contents -- Contributors -- Part I: Introduction -- 1 Appraisal Theory: Overview, Assumptions, Varieties, Controversies -- 2 Appraisal: The Evolution of an Idea -- Part II: Current Appraisal Theories: The State of the Art -- 3 Relational Meaning and Discrete Emotions -- 4 A Model of Appraisal in the Emotion System: Integrating Theory, Research, and Applications -- 5 Appraisal Considered as a Process of Multilevel Sequential Checking -- 6 Toward Delivering on the Promise of Appraisal Theory -- Part III: Expanding the Paradigm: New and Critical Perspectives -- 7 Appraisal: What Is the Dependent? -- 8 A Metaphor Is a Metaphor Is a Metaphor: Exorcising the Homunculus from Appraisal Theory -- 9 Putting Appraisal in Context -- 10 Appraisal Processes Conceptualized from a Schema-Theoretic Perspective: Contributions to a Process Analysis of Emotions -- Part IV: Variations in Appraisal: Socio-Cultural and Individual Factors -- 11 Personal Pathways in the Development of Appraisal: A Complex Systems/Stage Theory Perspective -- 12 Social Appraisal: The Social World as Object of and Influence on Appraisal Processes -- 13 The Role of Culture in Appraisal -- 14 Applications of Appraisal Theory to Understanding, Diagnosing, and Treating Emotional Pathology -- Part V: Emotional Response Modalities: Indicators of Appraisal -- 15 Vocal Expression Correlates of Appraisal Processes -- 16 Facial Expressions as Indicators of Appraisal Processes -- 17 The Psychophysiology of Appraisals -- Part VI: Methods of Research on Appraisal -- 18 Advanced Statistical Methods for the Study of Appraisal and Emotional Reaction -- 19 Subjective Measurement in Appraisal Research: Present State and Future Perspectives -- 20 Toward Computational Modeling of Appraisal Theories -- Part VII: Perspectives for Theory and Research.