Humoral responses to single-dose BNT162b2 mRNA vaccination in dialysis patients previously infected with SARS-CoV-2

Medientyp: E-Artikel

Titel: Humoral responses to single-dose BNT162b2 mRNA vaccination in dialysis patients previously infected with SARS-CoV-2

Beteiligte: Speer, Claudius [VerfasserIn]; Morath, Christian [VerfasserIn]; Töllner, Maximilian [VerfasserIn]; Buylaert, Mirabel [VerfasserIn]; Göth, Daniel [VerfasserIn]; Nußhag, Christian [VerfasserIn]; Kälble, Florian [VerfasserIn]; Schaier, Matthias [VerfasserIn]; Grenz, Julia [VerfasserIn]; Kreysing, Martin [VerfasserIn]; Reichel, Paula [VerfasserIn]; Hidmark, Asa S. [VerfasserIn]; Ponath, Gerald [VerfasserIn]; Schnitzler, Paul [VerfasserIn]; Zeier, Martin [VerfasserIn]; Süsal, Caner [VerfasserIn]; Klein, Katrin [VerfasserIn]; Benning, Louise [VerfasserIn]

Erschienen: 17 August 2021

Sprache: Englisch

DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.721286

ISSN: 2296-858X

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Beschreibung: Seroconversion rates following infection and vaccination are lower in dialysis patients compared to healthy controls. There is an urgent need for the characterization of humoral responses and success of a single-dose SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in previously infected dialysis patients. We performed a dual-center cohort study comparing three different groups: 25 unvaccinated hemodialysis patients after PCR-confirmed COVID-19 (Group 1), 43 hemodialysis patients after two-time BNT162b2 vaccination without prior SARS-CoV-2 infection (Group 2), and 13 single-dose vaccinated hemodialysis patients with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection (Group 3). Group 3 consists of seven patients from Group 1 and 6 additional patients with sera only available after single-dose vaccination. Anti-S1 IgG, neutralizing antibodies, and antibodies against various SARS-CoV-2 protein epitopes were measured 3 weeks after the first and 3 weeks after the second vaccination in patients without prior SARS-CoV-2 infection, 6 weeks after the onset of COVID-19 in unvaccinated patients, and 3 weeks after single-dose vaccination in patients with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection, respectively. Unvaccinated patients after COVID-19 showed a significantly higher neutralizing antibody capacity than two-time vaccinated patients without prior COVID-19 [median (IQR) percent inhibition 88.0 (71.5-95.5) vs. 50.7 (26.4-81.0); P = 0.018]. After one single vaccine dose, previously infected individuals generated 15- to 34-fold higher levels of anti-S1 IgG than age- and dialysis vintage-matched unvaccinated patients after infection or two-time vaccinated patients without prior SARS-CoV-2 infection with a median (IQR) index of 274 (151-791) compared to 18 (8-41) and 8 (1-21) (for both P < 0.001). With a median (IQR) percent inhibition of 97.6 (97.2-98.9), the neutralizing capacity of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies was significantly higher in single-dose vaccinated patients with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection compared to other groups (for both P < 0.01). Bead-based analysis showed high antibody reactivity against various SARS-CoV-2 spike protein epitopes after single-dose vaccination in previously infected patients. In conclusion, single-dose vaccination in previously infected dialysis patients induced a strong and broad antibody reactivity against various SARS-CoV-2 spike protein epitopes with high neutralizing capacity.

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