Erschienen:
[Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar]: [Verlag nicht ermittelbar], 2013
Sprache:
Italienisch
Entstehung:
Hochschulschrift:
Dissertation, 2013
Anmerkungen:
Beschreibung:
The scientific literature on research and applications in civil, chemical and mechanical engineering, as well as in material science has recently shown great interest in computational strategies aimed to optimize structures and materials at different levels of scale. Composites, polymers, fiber reinforced elements, porous media, micro-and nano-structured materials have been indeed widely used in many industry realms, covering applications in both traditional frameworks, say civil and mechanical engineering, and pioneer fields, such as aerospace, biomechanics and tissue engineering. The computational strategy named Topology Optimization has the purpose of maximizing a given mechanical characteristic, minimizing at the same time the weight of the component; in this way it is possible to contemporarily obtain structural performance required by specific applications for which the material is designed, and – via the reduction of the weight – to respond to the urgent demand for decreasing in the amount of raw material with the effect of reducing consumption and costs. Topology Optimization, by means of a innovative and original custom-made algorithm, has been applied in hip arthroplasty in order to minimize the probability of failure of prosthetic implants in the case of aseptic loosening. A second custom-made procedure able to acquire information about densities in biological structure as bones or levels of matrices fractions in microstructured materials by means of vector graphics files or DICOM (Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine) files, have been developed with the aim of transforming automatically and in real time these information in stiffness and strength values to which one can associate mechanical contents and thus generate finite element-based models. Finally, by looking towards multi-physics applications and forcing a thermo-mechanical commercial code to perform poro-elastic analyses by exploiting a duality principle between the theories, the present work shows two examples of poro-elasticity problems of relevant interest in biomechanical applications: the modeling of the osteon, basis cellular unit of the bone, and drug infusion in solid tumor spheroids.