Valorisation des sous-produits de la graine de Jatropha curcas L. en production de poulets au Sénégal ; Valorization of Jatropha curcas L. seed by-produts in poultry production in Senegal
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Medientyp:
E-Book
Titel:
Valorisation des sous-produits de la graine de Jatropha curcas L. en production de poulets au Sénégal ; Valorization of Jatropha curcas L. seed by-produts in poultry production in Senegal
Erschienen:
[Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar]: Université de Liège, Liège, Belgique, 2017
Sprache:
Englisch
Entstehung:
Hochschulschrift:
Dissertation, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgique, 2017
Anmerkungen:
Beschreibung:
This study evaluated the effects of Jatropha curcas kernel meal incorporated in poultry feed in Senegal. All experimentations were conducted in the experimental station of the National Superior School of Agriculture (ENSA) of Thies University (Senegal). In the same way, all chemical analyses were performed in the feed science laboratory of the Department of Animal Production of ENSA. The first part of this study was a description of toxic and anti-nutritional compounds present in J. curcas seed meal, which most important are phorbol esters, characteristics of Euphorbiaceae, known for its inflammatory effects, and curcin, a toxalbumin which manifested by an irritant action. Other compounds, also present, interfere more or less with digestive process in animals. Different treatments were applied, with different levels of success, to reduce or eliminate these toxic and anti-nutritional compounds for the valuation of this meal in animal feed. A particular emphasis was placed on the biological treatment, not only for a significant reduction of these compounds but also to improve the nutritional quality of the meal. The second part of this work has focused on the study of the effect of the J. curcas kernel meal obtained by chemical de-oiling, incorporated in corn at 4, 8, and 12% and distributed to broiler chickens at the end their growth phase to assess their feed intake, their daily weight gain and diet digestibility. For all diets, feed intake was inversely influenced by the incorporation on the jatropha kernel meal, leading a weight gain decrease in animals that received the largest amounts of jatropha despite the absence of toxicity signs and mortality. Similarly, the apparent digestibility of each nutrient has been affected by the incorporation of jatropha kernel meal as well as the differential digestibility thereof. The low digestibility, especially protein was explained by the low availability of meal proteins incorporated corn, but also the presence of anti-nutritional and toxic factors still present in the diets used. The third part of this work has presented results of two experimentations conducted successively. The first one studied the effect of jatropha kernel meal obtained by a chemical de-oiling, incorporated in diets at 4 and 8%, on broiler chickens performance during growing/finishing. The second experimentation studied the effect of the same cake that was heat treated before incorporated in diets at 8%, on day-old broiler chicks' performance. In one as the other experimentation, feed intake and daily weight gain were affected by the incorporation of jatropha kernel meal. It was the same for the total mortality rates recorded despite the absence of visible signs of toxicity. These experimentations confirmed other experimentations have shown that the de-oiling of jatropha kernel meal followed by heat treatment, even if it caused a significant reduction of anti-nutritional compounds, did not remove all the toxic factors that may even interfere with feed intake and weight gain of animals. These observations were not confirmed in the fourth part, which studied the effects of jatropha kernel meal obtained by chemical de-oiling, subject to heat treatment then biological treatment with Aspergillus niger and incorporated in diets at 8%, on day-old broiler chicks performance. Indeed, the feed intake, the weight gain as well as the viability of animals were not affected by the incorporation of jatropha. These successive studies were among the first which interested the same animal species at different levels of development based on a product whose nutritional quality is proven, but has toxic and anti-nutritional factors could not be completely eliminated despite different treatments applied. The application of heat treatment may have helped to reduce some anti-nutritional compounds (curcin and trypsin inhibitor) but without improve feed intake and weight gain. Considering the reaction of animals subjected to diet, biological and heat treatments may have reduced the toxicity of jatropha kernel meal, which has afected the feed intake of animals and thus the weight gain. This study showed that, despite its nutritional level, J. curcas kernel meal presented limitations in its use as a raw material that can integrate a ration for broilers in Senegal but hopes remain with biological treatments.