Mehanizam formiranja sekundarnih minerala na odlagalištima Pb-Zn rudnika Rudnik i njihov uticaj na životnu sredinu ; Mechanism of formation of weathering minerals on waste rock dumps at the Pb-Zn Rudnik mine and their effect on the environment : doctoral dissertation
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Titel:
Mehanizam formiranja sekundarnih minerala na odlagalištima Pb-Zn rudnika Rudnik i njihov uticaj na životnu sredinu ; Mechanism of formation of weathering minerals on waste rock dumps at the Pb-Zn Rudnik mine and their effect on the environment : doctoral dissertation
Erschienen:
[Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar]: Универзитет у Београду, Рударско-геолошки факултет, 2020
Entstehung:
Hochschulschrift:
Dissertation, Универзитет у Београду, Рударско-геолошки факултет, 2020
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Beschreibung:
Mehanizam formiranja recentnih sekundarnih mineralnih faza na otpadnom materijalu sa aktivnih i napuštenih odlagališta rudnika Rudnik utvrđen je na osnovu asocijacije primarnih sulfida i vremena izloženosti atmosferskim uslovima. Primarni sulfidi i recentne sekundarne faze u otpadnom materijalu su ispitani optičkom mikroskopijom, SEM-EDS, XRPD i LA-ICP-MS analizama. Na osnovu dobijenih rezultata predložen je model formiranja recentnih sekundarnih faza koji uključuje dva osnovna stadijuma: inicijalni i napredni. Inicijalni stadijum obuhvata raspadanje pirotina u kome dolazi do ubrzane produkcije Fe3+ jona. U naprednom stadijumu ovi joni pored O2 i H2O učestvuju u raspadanju drugih sulfida. Prezasićenjem produkovanih jona dolazi do formiranja recentnih sekundarnih faza koje je kontrolisano asocijacijom primarnih sulfida i njihovom zastupljenošću. Formirane teško rastvorne sekundarne faze, uglavnom Pb-Cu sulfati, delimično sprečavaju izluživanje Pb i Cu u životnu sredinu, dok su lako rastvorni Fe-sulfoarsenati samo privremeni rezervoari arsena. Stanje zagađenosti toksičnim elementima utvrđeno je na osnovu hemijskih analiza voda i zemljišta oblasti Rudnik. Konstatovano zagađenje toksičnim elementima (As, Pb, Ni i Cr) uključuje dva izvora zagađenja prikazana kroz dva nezavisna modela. Prvi model obuhvata izvore zagađenja koji se odnose na raspadanje sulfida u otpadnom materijalu, uticaj otpadnih voda i uticaj matičnih stena. Drugi izvor zagađenja predstavljen je modelom raspadanja srednjovekovne šljake koja je korišćena za nasipanje lokalnih puteva. Raspadanje ove šljake je glavni izvor visokog sadržaja potencijalno toksičnih elemenata u uzorcima zemljišta i voda koji su udaljeni od odlagališta. ; The mechanism of formation of weathering minerals on waste material from active and abandoned waste rock dumps in the Rudnik mine area was determined based on the association of primary sulfides and the time of exposure to atmospheric conditions. Primary sulfides and weathering minerals in waste material were examined by optical microscopy, SEM-EDS, XRPD and LA-ICP-MS analyzes. Based on the obtained results, a model for the formation of weathering minerals is proposed, which includes two basic stages: initial and advanced. The initial stage involves the decomposition of pyrrhotite in which accelerated production of Fe3+ ions occurs. In the advanced stage, these ions in addition to O2 and H2O participate in the decomposition of other sulfides. The saturation of the produced ions results in the formation of weathering minerals whereby the types of formed phases depend on the associations of primary sulfides and their abundance. The insoluble weathering minerals, mainly Pb-Cu sulfates, partially prevent the leaching of Pb and Cu into the environment, whereas the soluble Fe-sulfosarsenates are only temporary arsenic reservoirs. The toxic elements pollution of waters and soils of the Rudnik area were determined by chemical analyzes. The observed pollution includes two sources of pollution presented through two independent models. The first model includes pollution sources related to the decomposition of sulfides in waste material, the role of wastewater and the influence of parent rocks. Second source of pollution is represented by a model of the decomposition of a medieval slag that was used to fill local roads. The decomposition of this slag is a major source of the high content of potentially toxic elements in soil and water samples away from the waste rock dumps.