Beschreibung:
This study examined the causes and effects of having only one bidder in general civil engineering and architecture public procurement. We found a correlation between the coefficients of one-company bidding and multiple-company bidding, which may be as much as 5% higher than the coefficient of multiple-company bidding. Meanwhile, only one company bid was more likely to be the second bid, indicating that construction was difficult. Thus, one-company bids did not lead to higher award rates, rather difficult construction projects caused one-company bids. This is confirmed by the fact that in one-company bidding, it takes longer for the next bidder to bid, and the bidder cannot bid at a lower price. This cohort study explores the causes of the one-company bidding phenomenon by inferring a causal relationship between the effect and the cause