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Medientyp:
E-Book
Titel:
Short- and Medium-Chain Chlorinated Paraffins in Agricultural and Industrial Soils from Shanghai, China
:
Surface and Vertical Distribution, Penetration Behavior, and Health Risk Assessment
Beschreibung:
The widespread contamination of chlorinated paraffins (CPs) of the soil environment has raised global concern due to their highly persistent and toxic properties. However, there is little information is available regarding the spatio-vertical distribution and penetration potentials of these industrial toxicants. Here, short- and medium-chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs and MCCPs, respectively) were analysed in pooled surface and core soils (0–45 cm) samples collected from agricultural and industrial areas in Shanghai. ∑SCCP concentrations in agricultural and industrial surface soils ranged from 52.6 to 237.6 and from 98.3 to 977.1 ng/g dry weight (dw), respectively. ∑MCCP levels were comparatively higher and ranged from 417.2 to 1690.8 and from 370.9 to 10712.7 ng/g dw in agricultural and industrial soils, respectively. C 10 Cl 5-10 SCCPs and C 14-15 Cl 5-7 MCCPs were the predominant homologues in all samples. Analysis of the soil vertical profiles revealed that MCCP concentrations decreased significantly with depth (P <0.01). SCCPs more efficiently penetrated soil compared with MCCPs because of their higher water solubility and less octanol-water partition coefficient ( K ow ) values. A preliminary risk assessment suggested that there were no potential health risks caused by non-dietary exposure. The daily exposure doses of CPs via ingestion were significantly (P <0.01) higher for children (5.41 ± 2.11×10 -3 and 1.68 ± 1.03×10 -2 μg kg -1 day -1 ) and adults (2.56 ± 0.99×10 -4 and 7.94 ± 4.87×10 -4 μg kg -1 day -1 ) than dermal permeation exposure. Furthermore, CPs at current levels posed low ecological risks (0.1 ≤ RQ < 1) according to the risk quotient model. The results of this study enhanced our understanding of the fates and behaviors of CPs in the terrestrial environment