Emissions from Maritime Transport and Air Quality: Case for the IMO to Designate the Strait of Gibraltar an ECA Zone

Medientyp: E-Book

Titel: Emissions from Maritime Transport and Air Quality : Case for the IMO to Designate the Strait of Gibraltar an ECA Zone

Beteiligte: Moreno Gutierrez, Juan [Verfasser:in]; Rodríguez-Moreno, Rubén [Verfasser:in]; García-Llave, Ruth [Verfasser:in]; Calderay-Cayetano, Fatima [Verfasser:in]; Amado-Sánchez, Yolanda [Verfasser:in]; Pájaro-Velázquez, Emilio [Verfasser:in]; Walliser, Jorge [Verfasser:in]; Nunes, Rafael [Verfasser:in]; Alvim-Ferraz, Concenciao [Verfasser:in]; Sousa, Sofia [Verfasser:in]; Durán-Grados, Vanessa [Verfasser:in]

Erschienen: [S.l.]: SSRN, [2021]

Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (24 p)

Sprache: Englisch

DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3957298

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Beschreibung: The emissions of exhaust gases and particles from the transportation sector are affected by the oceangoing. Emissions from shipping, comprising both greenhouse gases and traditional pollutants, cause an estimated 87,000 deaths per year worldwide as a result of lung-cancer, and cardiopulmonary and other diseases. To reduce air pollution from ships, the International Maritime Organization has officially designated certain zones as Emission Control Areas (ECAs). This study estimates the influence of NOx, SOx and particulate matter (PM2.5) on air quality, and demonstrates that large quantities of these pollutants are emitted by shipping in the Strait of Gibraltar. This contamination causes many deaths that could potentially be prevented if the Strait were designated an ECA. In this way, the authors own SENEM1 emissions model and the CALPUFF air quality model were used. Comparing only the emissions by ships operating in the Strait of Gibraltar in the year 2017 with the designated ECA simulation, a reduction up to 75.8% in NOx, 73.4% in PM2.5 and 96%, in SOx were collected. On average, for the city of Algeciras the mean annual PM2.5 contribution from ships (0.86 μg/m3) would be reduced to 0.23 μg/m3 (73% reduction) after the implementation of the ECA, according to the 2017 data. SOx concentrations would be reduced by 96% in Cádiz province, annually. Because these shipping lanes are an average distance of only 13 km from the coast, the effects of pollutants on the resident population are almost immediate. To mitigate the adverse environmental outcomes from ship-sourced air pollution, it is recommended that the Strait of Gibraltar be designated an ECA by the IMO

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