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Medientyp:
E-Book
Titel:
Ecological Poverty and Economic Welfare
:
Are There an Ecology or Economy Tradeoff for the National Key Ecological Function Area Policy in China?
Beschreibung:
China implemented the world's largest ecological compensation program, the National Key Ecological Function Area (NKEFA) policy, aimed at breaking the vicious cycle of poverty and the environment. However, previous studies have often failed to consider the poverty and environmental effects of the policy, and have largely ignored the distortions encouraged by the policy. This study used panel data from 1749 county-level units from 2002 to 2020, combined with remote sensing and Geographical Information System data, to quantify ecological poverty indicators. We utilized a multi-period difference-in-differences model to identify the impact of the NKEFA policy on ecological poverty and rural residents’ incomes in the pilot counties and their differences. Finally, we examined the mechanisms of policy effectiveness from the perspective of administrative constraints and fiscal incentives. There were three main results. Firstly, the NKEFA policy has significantly improved ecological poverty and promoted income growth among rural residents. Ecological poverty reduction displayed a rebound effect trend of improvement followed by deterioration, caused by inadequate incentives, leading to local government distortion behavior. Rural residents’ incomes tended to increase continuously. Secondly, the improvement of ecological poverty is premised on weakening development incentives, such as industrial development, aided by some level of ecological migration. However, this also leads to reduced fiscal revenues, increased fiscal expenditures, and expanded fiscal deficits. The substantial increase in rural residents’ incomes depends significantly on local government fiscal intervention, specifically through non-agricultural labor transfer and transformation-based incomes and agricultural production and efficiency promotion-induced agricultural incomes. Thirdly, the NKEFA policy has yielded more apparent improvements for ecologically impoverished, resource-dependent, economically strong, and industrial backbone counties. However, resource-dependent and industrial backbone counties have experienced negative income effects. These findings provide a practical Chinese-style example for global eco-poverty reduction policies in developing countries