Our study examined whether potentially critical indications from depression questionnaires, interviews, and single items on suicidal ideation among partici-pants in a large prospective population-based study are related to short-term sui-cides within one year. For this purpose, we studied the association between (a) the severity of depressive symptoms according to the M-CIDI and the PHQ-9, BDI-II, and CID-S depression screening and (b) elevated scores on single sui-cidal ideation items and mortality according to claims databases. In the baseline cohort, the frequency of depressive symptoms measured by CID-S was 12.90% (SHIP-START-0). The frequency for “Moderate” to “Severe de-pression” measured by the PHQ-9 (≥ 10 points) and BDI-II (≥ 20 points) ques-tionnaires ranged from 5.40% (SHIP-LEGENDE) to 8.80% (SHIP-TREND Morbid-ity follow-up). The 1-month prevalence of unipolar depression, measured by the M-CIDI in SHIP LEGENDE, was 2.31%. Between 5.90% (SHIP-TREND Morbidity follow-up) and 6.60% (SHIP-LEGENDE) of respondents showed a certain degree of suicidal ideation in the two weeks preceding the assessment, according to BDI-II and PHQ-9. Our results show the high frequency of depressive symptoms in the study region, with women being affected more frequently than men, especially in the higher categories. Furthermore, women were more frequently affected by suicidal idea-tion, although this difference was not evident in the highest categories. There was one potential suicide in the year after a SHIP examination. From our results, we cannot conclude that severe self-reported symptoms from depression questionnaires should be reported back to participants of an obser-vational population-based study to prevent suicide deaths within one year.