Lonza, L.
[Mitwirkende:r];
Deix, S.
[Mitwirkende:r];
Maas, H.
[Mitwirkende:r];
Caiado, C.
[Mitwirkende:r];
Hamje, H.D.C
[Mitwirkende:r];
Reid, A.
[Mitwirkende:r]
;
European Commission Joint Research Centre,
concawe,
EUCAR
Beschreibung:
The on-going research collaboration between the Joint Research Centre of the European Commission, EUCAR and Concawe has reviewed the work done for the JEC Biofuels Study 2014 (JEC-Bio, 2014), which was itself an update of the JEC Biofuels Study 2011 (JEC, 2011) in order to update the report with the latest relevant implemented legislation - the so-called "ILUC Directive" (EU Directive 2015/1513 of 9 September 2015) and EU Directive 2015/652 of 20 April 2015 prescribing the methodology to be used for calculating upstream CO2 emission reductions in the context of the FQD target. The results from this update are compared to those from the 2014 study for the Council compromise text of December 20131 given that this was the RED and FQD amendment proposal closest to the relevant implemented legislation. This update does not aim to review assumptions regarding the definition of the baseline and alternative scenarios, such as for example vehicle fleet, energy demand, supply outlook, used in the 2014 study, but only clarifications coming from the final legislation (more information on these assumptions can be found in the JEC Biofuels study 2014 report and respective annexes). Other changes, it is expected, will be part of the next major update planned for 2H 2017. Associated calculations of the Greenhouse Gas (GHG) reductions as mandated in Article 7a of the 2009 Fuel Quality Directive (FQD)2 have been reviewed for the same four different fuel demand scenarios as in the 2014 study which provides a robust scientific assessment of the different fuel demand scenarios and their associated impacts on the RED 10% renewable energy and FQD 6% GHG reduction target for transport. The primary focus is on road transport demand although all other transport modes (aviation, rail, inland navigation and off-road) have also been considered as they are important contributors towards reaching the renewable energy and GHG reduction targets. An analytical tool, called the Fleet and Fuels model (F&F) that was developed and used in the 2011 and 2013 JEC Biofuels Studies has been used for this update. The model is based upon historical road fleet data (both passenger and freight) in 29 European countries (EU27 plus Norway and Switzerland) and it projects forward the composition of the vehicle fleet to 2020 based on assumptions including the impact of regulatory measures. Additional information on the Fleet and Fuels model can be found in the 2014 study report (JEC-Bio, 2014).