Beschreibung:
Tree plantations developed on public lands can be associated with conflicts for control over the natural resources among different groups or agents. Conflicts between local or indigenous communities and private concessionaires or governments are mainly due to overlapping rights to the land. In Indonesia, tree plantation companies have gained concession rights for up to 300 000 ha of land each, for its conversion to tree plantations, through Industrial Timber Plantation (HTI) permits. Trying to minimise the area of land under conflict, associated with overlapping land management interests in the concessions, is a major concern for tree plantation companies in Indonesia. Two kinds of approaches have been used to target local communities associated with land under confl ict in concession areas: direct investments in cash benefits, infrastructure or agricultural projects under the umbrella of Community Development (CD), and the involvement of communities as partners, where the company shares the profi ts of the harvest with the community. To successfully target community or private lands in concession areas with Company- Community (C-C) schemes, the companies must offer a monetary amount that represents higher benefits for the people than the current benefits that the land is providing, taking into account the frequency of the benefi ts. Companies are not taking full account of the current value of the land for the people when formulating the financial aspects and frequency of returns of such schemes ...