Beschreibung:
This working paper assesses the likely effectiveness of market-based instruments (MBIs) in ensuring that expansion of biofuel feedstock development does not occur to the detriment of natural forests. We employ a detailed literature review, including a look at select case studies, to evaluate the effectiveness of 3 main types of instruments: 1. those governing production practices and access to markets; 2. those governing the provision of finance for biofuel feedstock production and processing; and 3. those aiming to safeguard the environmental services provided by forestlands that could be threatened by the expansion of biofuel feedstock cultivation. The selected instruments are diverse in scope and scale. In most cases, these instruments have evolved into relatively complex global systems (e.g. certification) driven by multi-stakeholder processes, with non-state actors taking an active role; to some extent, they are supported by state authority and regulations, such as those linked to the adoption of procurement policies in consumer countries (e.g. EC) to ensure compliance with legality and sustainability principles. Furthermore, while some MBIs operate at smaller scales, such as in numerous emerging initiatives linked to compensation for the provision of environmental services, others are implemented at broader national scales, with the state playing a more active role ..