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Buschmeier H, Bergmann K, Kopp S. Modelling and Evaluation of Lexical and Syntactic Alignment with a Priming-Based Microplanner. In: Krahmer E, Theune M, eds. Empiricial Methods in Natural Language Generation . Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Vol 5790. Berlin/Heidelberg, Germany: Springer; 2010: 85-104. ; Alignment of interlocutors is a well known psycholinguistic phenomenon of great relevance for dialogue systems in general and natural language generation in particular. In this chapter, we present the alignment-capable microplanner SPUD prime. Using a priming-based model of interactive alignment, it is flexible enough to model the alignment behaviour of human speakers to a high degree. We demonstrate that SPUD prime can account for lexical as well as syntactic alignment and present an evaluation on corpora of task-oriented dialogue that were collected in two experiments designed to investigate the alignment behaviour of humans in a controlled fashion. This will allow for further investigation of which parameters are important to model alignment and how the human?computer interaction changes when the computer aligns to its users.