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The topic of this thesis is functional calculus in connection with abstract multiplier theorems. In 1960, Hörmander showed how the uniform boundedness of certain integral means of a function m in L ∞ (R^d) and its weak derivatives imply that m yields a bounded Lp -Fourier multiplier. Nowadays, this is known as the Hörmander multiplier theorem, sometimes Hörmander--Mikhlin multiplier theorem. A noteworthy detail is that a radial function m(|x|) satisfies Hörmander's condition if and only if m (|x|²) does. Hence, Hörmander's theorem is also a result on the functional calculus of the negative Laplacian -Δ. Hörmander's result has inspired a lot of research, and authors have also proven similar results for other operators such as certain Schrödinger operators, Sublaplacians on Lie groups, and later certain differential operators on spaces of homogeneous type. For us, the work of Kriegler and Weis is of particular interest. Starting with the PhD thesis of Kriegler in 2009, they showed how abstract multiplier theorems can be proven in a more general context. Namely, considering a certain class of 0-sectorial and 0-strip type operators on a general Banach space, one can construct an abstract Hörmander functional calculus based on the classical holomorphic calculus. Then, by using probalistic techniques from Banach space geometry involving so-called R-boundedness one can derive multiplier results in this generalized setting. In 2001, García-Cuerva, Mauceri, Meda, Sjögren, and Torrea proved an abstract multiplier theorem for generators of symmetric contraction semigroups, where a bounded Hörmander calculus is inferred from growth conditions on the imaginary powers of the generator. As the considered operators need not be 0-sectorial, this result is not covered by the methods of Kriegler and Weis. However, the result is based on Meda's earlier work, where he derived a bounded Hörmander if the given imaginary powers only grow polynomially fast. In this case, the operator is 0-sectorial, and Kriegler and Weis were able to ...