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Medientyp:
E-Artikel
Titel:
Reaction-to-fire testing of bus interior materials: Assessing burning behaviour and smoke gas toxicity
Beteiligte:
Klippel, A.
[VerfasserIn];
Hofmann-Böllinghaus, Anja
[VerfasserIn];
Gnutzmann, Tanja
[VerfasserIn];
Piechnik, K.
[VerfasserIn]
Erschienen:
BAM-Publica - Publikationsserver der Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), 2023
Sprache:
Englisch
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1002/fam.3108
Entstehung:
Anmerkungen:
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Beschreibung:
Although fire safety regulations for buses have been adapted in recent years regarding, for example, fire detection and engine fire suppression systems, the changes in regulations for bus interior materials are minimal. A comparison of fire safety regulations for interior materials in other transport sectors for trains, ships or aircraft reveals a much lower level of requirements for bus materials. Although repeated bus accidents as well as fire statistics show the danger a bus fire can pose to passengers. In particular, the combination of a fire incident and passengers with reduced mobility led to severe disasters in Germany and other European countries. To enhance the fire safety for passengers, the interior bus materials are crucial as the fire development in the bus cabin determines whether escape and rescue is possible. Against this background, bus interior materials were tested in different fire test scenarios. Measurement of a wide variety of parameters, for example, the mass loss, ignition time, smoke gas composition, heat release rate among others were carried out. Tested materials complied to the newest set of requirements. For this purpose, interior materials and their components had to be identified according to their chemical structure. Parts of the tests were funded by BASt (Federal Highway Research Institute) in the project 82.0723/2018. Experimental results show reaction-to-fire behaviour which lead to very limited times for escape and rescue in case of fire in a bus cabin. Based on the studies on fire behaviour and toxicity assessment, recommendations for improved fire safety regulations for interior materials could be made.