Hot Upper Mantle Beneath the Tristan da Cunha Hotspot From Probabilistic Rayleigh-Wave Inversion and Petrological Modeling

Medientyp: E-Artikel

Titel: Hot Upper Mantle Beneath the Tristan da Cunha Hotspot From Probabilistic Rayleigh-Wave Inversion and Petrological Modeling

Beteiligte: Bonadio, Raffaele [Verfasser:in]; Geissler, Wolfram H. [Verfasser:in]; Lebedev, Sergei [Verfasser:in]; Fullea, Javier [Verfasser:in]; Ravenna, Matteo [Verfasser:in]; Celli, Nicolas L. [Verfasser:in]; Jokat, Wilfried [Verfasser:in]; Jegen, Marion [Verfasser:in]; Sens-Schönfelder, Christoph [Verfasser:in]; Baba, Kiyoshi [Verfasser:in]

Erschienen: AGU (American Geophysical Union); Wiley, 2018-05-08

Sprache: Englisch

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GC007347

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Beschreibung: Understanding the enigmatic intraplate volcanism in the Tristan da Cunha region requires knowledge of the temperature of the lithosphere and asthenosphere beneath it. We measured phase-velocity curves of Rayleigh waves using cross-correlation of teleseismic seismograms from an array of ocean-bottom seismometers around Tristan, constrained a region-average, shear-velocity structure, and inferred the temperature of the lithosphere and asthenosphere beneath the hotspot. The ocean-bottom data set presented some challenges, which required data-processing and measurement approaches different from those tuned for land-based arrays of stations. Having derived a robust, phase-velocity curve for the Tristan area, we inverted it for a shear wave velocity profile using a probabilistic (Markov chain Monte Carlo) approach. The model shows a pronounced low-velocity anomaly from 70 to at least 120 km depth. VS in the low velocity zone is 4.1-4.2 km/s, not as low as reported for Hawaii (∼4.0 km/s), which probably indicates a less pronounced thermal anomaly and, possibly, less partial melting. Petrological modeling shows that the seismic and bathymetry data are consistent with a moderately hot mantle (mantle potential temperature of 1,410-1,430°C, an excess of about 50-120°C compared to the global average) and a melt fraction smaller than 1%. Both purely seismic inversions and petrological modeling indicate a lithospheric thickness of 65-70 km, consistent with recent estimates from receiver functions. The presence of warmer-than-average asthenosphere beneath Tristan is consistent with a hot upwelling (plume) from the deep mantle. However, the excess temperature we determine is smaller than that reported for some other major hotspots, in particular Hawaii.

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