A distinct lineage of giant viruses brings a rhodopsin photosystem to unicellular marine predators

Medientyp: E-Artikel

Titel: A distinct lineage of giant viruses brings a rhodopsin photosystem to unicellular marine predators

Beteiligte: Needham, David M. [Verfasser:in]; Yoshizawa, Susumu [Verfasser:in]; Hosaka, Toshiaki [Verfasser:in]; Poirier, Camille [Verfasser:in]; Choi, Chang J. [Verfasser:in]; Hehenberger, Elisabeth [Verfasser:in]; Irwin, Nicholas A. T. [Verfasser:in]; Wilken, Susanne [Verfasser:in]; Yung, Cheuk-Man [Verfasser:in]; Bachy, Charles [Verfasser:in]; Kurihara, Rika [Verfasser:in]; Nakajima, Yu [Verfasser:in]; Kojima, Keiichi [Verfasser:in]; Kimura-Someya, Tomomi [Verfasser:in]; Leonard, Guy [Verfasser:in]; Malmstrom, Rex R. [Verfasser:in]; Mende, Daniel R. [Verfasser:in]; Olson, Daniel K. [Verfasser:in]; Sudo, Yuki [Verfasser:in]; Sudek, Sebastian [Verfasser:in]; Richards, Thomas A. [Verfasser:in]; DeLong, Edward F. [Verfasser:in]; Keeling, Patrick J. [Verfasser:in]; Santoro, Alyson E. [Verfasser:in]; [...]

Erschienen: National Academy of Sciences, 2019

Sprache: Deutsch; Englisch

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1907517116

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Beschreibung: Significance: Although viruses are well-characterized regulators of eukaryotic algae, little is known about those infecting unicellular predators in oceans. We report the largest marine virus genome yet discovered, found in a wild predatory choanoflagellate sorted away from other Pacific microbes and pursued using integration of cultivation-independent and laboratory methods. The giant virus encodes nearly 900 proteins, many unlike known proteins, others related to cellular metabolism and organic matter degradation, and 3 type-1 rhodopsins. The viral rhodopsin that is most abundant in ocean metagenomes, and also present in an algal virus, pumps protons when illuminated, akin to cellular rhodopsins that generate a proton-motive force. Giant viruses likely provision multiple host species with photoheterotrophic capacities, including predatory unicellular relatives of animals. Abstract: Giant viruses are remarkable for their large genomes, often rivaling those of small bacteria, and for having genes thought exclusive to cellular life. Most isolated to date infect nonmarine protists, leaving their strategies and prevalence in marine environments largely unknown. Using eukaryotic single-cell metagenomics in the Pacific, we discovered a Mimiviridae lineage of giant viruses, which infects choanoflagellates, widespread protistan predators related to metazoans. The ChoanoVirus genomes are the largest yet from pelagic ecosystems, with 442 of 862 predicted proteins lacking known homologs. They are enriched in enzymes for modifying organic compounds, including degradation of chitin, an abundant polysaccharide in oceans, and they encode 3 divergent type-1 rhodopsins (VirR) with distinct evolutionary histories from those that capture sunlight in cellular organisms. One (VirRDTS) is similar to the only other putative rhodopsin from a virus (PgV) with a known host (a marine alga). Unlike the algal virus, ChoanoViruses encode the entire pigment biosynthesis pathway and cleavage enzyme for producing the required chromophore, ...

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