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This thesis studies the dynamics of parabolic trough power plants (PTPPs) with the objective of optimizing their performance. The present study delves into the complexities of heat transfer flow within these power plants, by developing mathematical models to and a balance between comprehensive descriptions of physical phenomena and computational effciency. The use of various heat transfer fluids (HTFs) within the PTPPs, such as thermal oil, nanofluids and molten salt, is a major aspect of the investigation. Therminol VP-1, a type of thermal oil, is initially used in a complete thermo-fluid model of a network system with spatio-temporal dependency that is derived following various asymptotic processes that simplifies the model significantly. Concerning nanofluids, the integration of nanoparticles into a basefluid, usually thermal oil, allows the simulation of the effects of different nanoparticles such as Copper Oxide, Alumina, and Titanium Oxide. This research aims to analyze the nanofluids impact on the thermal performance and energy efficiency. Results obtained from NOOR I power plant in Morocco reveal that adding nanoparticles, even in small volume fractions, enhances both energetic and exergetic efficiencies. Such enhancement however, is accompanied by a slight increase in friction loss. This study further examines the use of molten salt as an alternative HTF in PTPPs. A network-based mathematical model is introduced to describe the fluid dynamics of molten salt in the solar field of these plants. The data collected from NOOR I power plant is utilized in the creation of simulations that closely replicate real-world scenarios, emphasizing the advantages of this approach over traditional single-collector models. In addition to modeling, the thesis delves into optimization techniques to enhance the thermal efficiency of PTPPs. The formulation of optimization problems and the employment of suitable control variables serve the purpose of maximizing the energy output of parabolic solar systems. Parameter studies ...