Prolonged development time of the bark beetle predator Thanasimus formicarius (Col.: Cleridae) in relation to its prey species Tomicus piniperda (L.) and Ips typographus (L.) (Col.: Scolytidae)
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Medientyp:
E-Artikel
Titel:
Prolonged development time of the bark beetle predator Thanasimus formicarius (Col.: Cleridae) in relation to its prey species Tomicus piniperda (L.) and Ips typographus (L.) (Col.: Scolytidae)
Beteiligte:
Schroeder, L. M.
Erschienen:
Wiley, 1999
Erschienen in:
Agricultural and Forest Entomology, 1 (1999) 2, Seite 127-135
Beschreibung:
<jats:title>Summary</jats:title><jats:p>1 The generation time of the bark beetle predator <jats:italic>Thanasimus formicarius</jats:italic> (L.) (Col.: Cleridae) was found to be predominantly two years both in the field and in rearing experiments conducted with two of its main prey species, the pine shoot beetle <jats:italic>Tomicus piniperda</jats:italic> (L.) and the spruce bark beetle <jats:italic>Ips typographus</jats:italic> (L.) (Col.: Scolytidae).</jats:p><jats:p>2 Emergence of <jats:italic>T. formicarius</jats:italic> adults in the first summer was only observed in one of the two rearing experiments, and these individuals represented only 6% of that generation.</jats:p><jats:p>3 All individuals not emerging as adults in the first summer remained as larvae in their pupal chambers until the second summer. Pupae were found starting around mid‐June, and adults (in pupal chambers) were found from late July through to the end of August.</jats:p><jats:p>4 Newly emerged adults had to feed in order to survive hibernation.</jats:p><jats:p>5 The existence of <jats:italic>T. formicarius</jats:italic> races, specialized on certain bark beetle species and with phenologies matching their hosts, could not be demonstrated. After hibernation there was no difference in feeding activity, timing of egg‐laying or proportion of egg‐laying females between the <jats:italic>T. formicarius</jats:italic> adults reared as larvae on <jats:italic>T. piniperda</jats:italic> (flight period in April) and those reared as larvae on <jats:italic>I. typographus</jats:italic> (main flight period generally starting in late May or early June) when exposed to a temperature and day‐length typical of the early spring conditions prevailing during the flight period of <jats:italic>T. piniperda</jats:italic>.</jats:p><jats:p>6 <jats:italic>T. formicarius</jats:italic> was parasitized by <jats:italic>Enclisis vindex</jats:italic> (Tschek) (Hym.: Ichneumonidae) in the pupal chamber.</jats:p><jats:p>7 The importance of these findings for the population dynamics of bark beetles is discussed.</jats:p>