Gross, Adam L;
Falling, Lorenz;
Staab, Matthew C;
Montero, Metzli I;
Ullah, Rahim R;
Nisson, David M;
Klavins, Peter;
Koski, Kristie J;
Curro, Nicholas J;
Taufour, Valentin;
Nemsak, Slavomir;
Vishik, Inna M
Copper migration and surface oxidation of
CuxBi2Se3
in ambient pressure environments
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Medientyp:
E-Artikel
Titel:
Copper migration and surface oxidation of
CuxBi2Se3
in ambient pressure environments
Beteiligte:
Gross, Adam L;
Falling, Lorenz;
Staab, Matthew C;
Montero, Metzli I;
Ullah, Rahim R;
Nisson, David M;
Klavins, Peter;
Koski, Kristie J;
Curro, Nicholas J;
Taufour, Valentin;
Nemsak, Slavomir;
Vishik, Inna M
Beschreibung:
<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title>
<jats:p>Chemical modifications such as intercalation can be used to modify surface properties or to further functionalize the surface states of topological insulators (TIs). Using ambient pressure x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, we report copper migration in <jats:inline-formula>
<jats:tex-math><?CDATA $\mathrm{Cu}_x\mathrm{Bi}_{2}\mathrm{Se}_{3}$?></jats:tex-math>
<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll">
<mml:msub>
<mml:mrow>
<mml:mi mathvariant="normal">C</mml:mi>
<mml:mi mathvariant="normal">u</mml:mi>
</mml:mrow>
<mml:mi>x</mml:mi>
</mml:msub>
<mml:msub>
<mml:mrow>
<mml:mi mathvariant="normal">B</mml:mi>
<mml:mi mathvariant="normal">i</mml:mi>
</mml:mrow>
<mml:mrow>
<mml:mn>2</mml:mn>
</mml:mrow>
</mml:msub>
<mml:msub>
<mml:mrow>
<mml:mi mathvariant="normal">S</mml:mi>
<mml:mi mathvariant="normal">e</mml:mi>
</mml:mrow>
<mml:mrow>
<mml:mn>3</mml:mn>
</mml:mrow>
</mml:msub>
</mml:math>
<jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="jpmaterac93b5ieqn2.gif" xlink:type="simple" />
</jats:inline-formula>, which occurs on a timescale of hours to days after initial surface cleaving. The increase in near-surface copper proceeds along with the oxidation of the sample surface and large changes in the selenium content. These complex changes are further modeled with core-level spectroscopy simulations, which suggest a composition gradient near the surface which develops with oxygen exposure. Our results shed light on a new phenomenon that must be considered for intercalated TIs—and intercalated materials in general—that surface chemical composition can change when specimens are exposed to ambient conditions.</jats:p>