Sympatric diploid and tetraploid cytotypes of Centaurea stoebe s.l. do not differ in arbuscular mycorrhizal communities and mycorrhizal growth response
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Titel:
Sympatric diploid and tetraploid cytotypes of Centaurea stoebe s.l. do not differ in arbuscular mycorrhizal communities and mycorrhizal growth response
Beschreibung:
<jats:sec><jats:title>Premise of the Study</jats:title><jats:p>Genome duplication is associated with multiple changes at different levels, including interactions with pollinators and herbivores. Yet little is known whether polyploidy may also shape belowground interactions.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods</jats:title><jats:p>To elucidate potential ploidy‐specific interactions with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">AMF</jats:styled-content>), we compared mycorrhizal colonization and assembly of <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">AMF</jats:styled-content> communities in roots of diploid and tetraploid <jats:italic>Centaurea stoebe</jats:italic> s.l. (Asteraceae) co‐occurring in a Central European population. In a follow‐up greenhouse experiment, we tested inter‐cytotype differences in mycorrhizal growth response by combining ploidy, substrate, and inoculation with native <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">AMF</jats:styled-content> in a full‐factorial design.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Key Results</jats:title><jats:p>All sampled plants were highly colonized by <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">AMF</jats:styled-content>, with the Glomeraceae predominating. <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">AMF</jats:styled-content>‐community composition revealed by 454‐pyrosequencing reflected the spatial distribution of the hosts, but not their ploidy level or soil characteristics. In the greenhouse experiment, the tetraploids produced more shoot biomass than the diploids did when grown in a more fertile substrate, while no inter‐cytotype differences were found in a less fertile substrate. <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">AMF</jats:styled-content> inoculation significantly reduced plant growth and improved P uptake, but its effects did not differ between the cytotypes.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions</jats:title><jats:p>The results do not support our hypotheses that the cytotype structure in a mixed‐ploidy population of <jats:italic>C. stoebe</jats:italic> is mirrored in <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">AMF</jats:styled-content>‐community composition and that ploidy‐specific fungal communities contribute to cytotype co‐existence. Causes and implications of the observed negative growth response to <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">AMF</jats:styled-content> are discussed.</jats:p></jats:sec>