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Smethurst, Philip J.; Petrone, Kevin C.; Langergraber, Günter; Baillie, Craig C.; Worledge, Dale; Nash, David

Nitrate dynamics in a rural headwater catchment: measurements and modelling

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  • Medientyp: E-Artikel
  • Titel: Nitrate dynamics in a rural headwater catchment: measurements and modelling
  • Beteiligte: Smethurst, Philip J.; Petrone, Kevin C.; Langergraber, Günter; Baillie, Craig C.; Worledge, Dale; Nash, David
  • Erschienen: Wiley, 2014
  • Erschienen in: Hydrological Processes
  • Sprache: Englisch
  • DOI: 10.1002/hyp.9709
  • ISSN: 0885-6087; 1099-1085
  • Schlagwörter: Water Science and Technology
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  • Beschreibung: <jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>This study was designed to improve our understanding of, and mechanistically simulate, nitrate (NO<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>) dynamics in a steep 9.8 ha rural headwater catchment, including its production in soil and delivery to a stream via surface and subsurface processes. A two‐dimensional modelling approach was evaluated for (1) integrating these processes at a hillslope scale annually and within storms, (2) estimating denitrification, and (3) running virtual experiments to generate insights and hypotheses about using trees in streamside management zones (SMZs) to mitigate NO<jats:sub>3</jats:sub> delivery to streams. Total flow was mathematically separated into quick‐ and slow‐flow components; the latter was routed through the HYDRUS software with a nitrogen module designed for constructed wetlands. Flow was monitored for two years. High surface‐soil NO<jats:sub>3</jats:sub> concentrations started to be delivered to the stream via preferential subsurface flow within two days of the storm commencing. Groundwater NO<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>‐N concentrations decreased from 1.0 to less than 0.1 mg l<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> from up‐slope to down‐slope water tables, respectively, which was attributed to denitrification. Measurements were consistent with the flushing of NO<jats:sub>3</jats:sub> mainly laterally from surface soil during and following each storm. The model accurately accounted for NO<jats:sub>3</jats:sub> turnover, leading to the hypotheses that denitrification was a minor flux (&lt;3 kg N ha<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>) compared to uptake (98<jats:sup>−</jats:sup>127 kg N ha<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>), and that SMZ trees would reduce denitrification if they lowered the water table. This research provides an example of the measurement and modelling of NO<jats:sub>3</jats:sub> dynamics at a small‐catchment scale with high spatial and temporal resolution. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.</jats:p>