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Medientyp: E-Artikel Titel: “Panic”: The impact of Le Bon's crowd psychology on U.S. military thought Beteiligte: Bendersky, Joseph W. Erschienen: Wiley, 2007 Erschienen in: Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences, 43 (2007) 3, Seite 257-283 Sprache: Englisch DOI: 10.1002/jhbs.20239 ISSN: 0022-5061; 1520-6696 Entstehung: Anmerkungen: Beschreibung: AbstractThe controversial crowd psychology of Gustave Le Bon has been both praised as an incisive contribution to social theory and also condemned as a doctrine of irrationality and mass manipulation associated with fascism. New archival documentation now demonstrates that Le Bon exercised significant influence on U.S. military thinking and practice through World War II. Army writings and officer training on morale, leadership, and battlefield psychology rested substantially on his theory of crowds, particularly regarding races and panic. Le Bon's racial psychology took on additional importance when the African‐American 92nd Infantry Division panicked during combat in Italy. This new evidence offers an excellent case study of the direct and enduring impact of a peculiar type of social psychology on the institutional culture of the army from the classrooms at the Army War College to the battlefield itself. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.