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Medientyp: E-Artikel Titel: A brief introduction to cell‐penetrating peptides Beteiligte: Lundberg, Pontus; Langel, Ülo Erschienen: Wiley, 2003 Erschienen in: Journal of Molecular Recognition Sprache: Englisch DOI: 10.1002/jmr.630 ISSN: 0952-3499; 1099-1352 Entstehung: Anmerkungen: Beschreibung: <jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Cell membranes act as protective walls to exclude most molecules that are not actively imported by living cells. This is an efficient way for a cell to prevent uncontrolled influx or efflux of solutes, which otherwise would be harmful to it. Only compounds within a narrow range of molecular size, polarity and net charge are able to diffuse effectively through cell membranes. In order to overcome this barrier for effective delivery of membrane‐impermeable molecules, several chemical and physical methods have been developed. These methods, e.g. electroporation, and more recent methods as cationic lipids/liposomes, have been shown to be effective for delivering hydrophobic macromolecules. The drawbacks of these harsh methods are, primarily, the unwanted cellular effects exerted by them, and, secondly, their limitation to <jats:italic>in vitro</jats:italic> applications. The last decade's discovery of cell‐penetrating peptides translocating themselves across cell membranes of various cell lines, along with a cargo 100‐fold their own size, via a seemingly energy‐independent process, opens up the possibility for efficient delivery of DNA, antisense peptide nucleic acids, oligonucleotides, proteins and small molecules into cells both <jats:italic>in vitro</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>in vivo</jats:italic>. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</jats:p>