Observation of seasonal variations of the flux of high-energy atmospheric neutrinos with IceCube

Medientyp: E-Artikel
Titel: Observation of seasonal variations of the flux of high-energy atmospheric neutrinos with IceCube
Beteiligte: Abbasi, R.; Ackermann, M.; Adams, J.; Agarwalla, S. K.; Aggarwal, N.; Aguilar, J. A.; Ahlers, M.; Alameddine, J. M.; Amin, N. M.; Andeen, K.; Anton, G.; Argüelles, C.; Ashida, Y.; Athanasiadou, S.; Axani, S. N.; Bai, X.; Balagopal V., A.; Baricevic, M.; Barwick, S. W.; Basu, V.; Bay, R.; Beatty, J. J.; Becker, K.-H.; Becker Tjus, J.; [...]
Erschienen: Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2023
Erschienen in: The European Physical Journal C
Sprache: Englisch
DOI: 10.1140/epjc/s10052-023-11679-5
ISSN: 1434-6052
Schlagwörter: Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous) ; Engineering (miscellaneous)
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Beschreibung: <jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Atmospheric muon neutrinos are produced by meson decays in cosmic-ray-induced air showers. The flux depends on meteorological quantities such as the air temperature, which affects the density of air. Competition between decay and re-interaction of those mesons in the first particle production generations gives rise to a higher neutrino flux when the air density in the stratosphere is lower, corresponding to a higher temperature. A measurement of a temperature dependence of the atmospheric <jats:inline-formula><jats:alternatives><jats:tex-math>$$\nu _{\mu }$$</jats:tex-math><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>ν</mml:mi> <mml:mi>μ</mml:mi> </mml:msub> </mml:math></jats:alternatives></jats:inline-formula> flux provides a novel method for constraining hadronic interaction models of air showers. It is particularly sensitive to the production of kaons. Studying this temperature dependence for the first time requires a large sample of high-energy neutrinos as well as a detailed understanding of atmospheric properties. We report the significant (<jats:inline-formula><jats:alternatives><jats:tex-math>$$> 10 \; \sigma $$</jats:tex-math><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>></mml:mo> <mml:mn>10</mml:mn> <mml:mspace /> <mml:mi>σ</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:math></jats:alternatives></jats:inline-formula>) observation of a correlation between the rate of more than 260,000 neutrinos, detected by IceCube between 2012 and 2018, and atmospheric temperatures of the stratosphere, measured by the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) instrument aboard NASA’s AQUA satellite. For the observed 10<jats:inline-formula><jats:alternatives><jats:tex-math>$$\%$$</jats:tex-math><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mo>%</mml:mo> </mml:math></jats:alternatives></jats:inline-formula> seasonal change of effective atmospheric temperature we measure a 3.5(3)<jats:inline-formula><jats:alternatives><jats:tex-math>$$\%$$</jats:tex-math><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mo>%</mml:mo> </mml:math></jats:alternatives></jats:inline-formula> change in the muon neutrino flux. This observed correlation deviates by about 2-3 standard deviations from the expected correlation of 4.3<jats:inline-formula><jats:alternatives><jats:tex-math>$$\%$$</jats:tex-math><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mo>%</mml:mo> </mml:math></jats:alternatives></jats:inline-formula> as obtained from theoretical predictions under the assumption of various hadronic interaction models.</jats:p>
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