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Medientyp:
E-Artikel
Titel:
Lipid-Dependent Regulation of Ion Channels and G Protein–Coupled Receptors: Insights from Structures and Simulations
Beteiligte:
Duncan, Anna L.;
Song, Wanling;
Sansom, Mark S.P.
Erschienen:
Annual Reviews, 2020
Erschienen in:Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology
Sprache:
Englisch
DOI:
10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-010919-023411
ISSN:
0362-1642;
1545-4304
Entstehung:
Anmerkungen:
Beschreibung:
<jats:p> Ion channels and G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs) are regulated by lipids in their membrane environment. Structural studies combined with biophysical and molecular simulation investigations reveal interaction sites for specific lipids on membrane protein structures. For K channels, PIP<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> plays a key role in regulating Kv and Kir channels. Likewise, several recent cryo-EM structures of TRP channels have revealed bound lipids, including PIP<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> and cholesterol. Among the pentameric ligand-gated ion channel family, structural and biophysical studies suggest the M4 TM helix may act as a lipid sensor, e.g., forming part of the binding sites for neurosteroids on the GABA<jats:sub>A</jats:sub> receptor. Structures of GPCRs have revealed multiple cholesterol sites, which may modulate both receptor dynamics and receptor oligomerization. PIP<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> also interacts with GPCRs and may modulate their interactions with G proteins. Overall, it is evident that multiple lipid binding sites exist on channels and receptors that modulate their function allosterically and are potential druggable sites. </jats:p>