An Alteration of Lymphocytes Subpopulations and Immunoglobulins Levels in Patients with Diabetic Foot Ulcers Infected Particularly by Resistant Pathogens
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Medientyp:
E-Artikel
Titel:
An Alteration of Lymphocytes Subpopulations and Immunoglobulins Levels in Patients with Diabetic Foot Ulcers Infected Particularly by Resistant Pathogens
Beschreibung:
<jats:p>The<jats:italic> aim</jats:italic> of our study was to analyse immune abnormalities in patients with chronic infected diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) especially those infected by resistant microorganisms.<jats:italic> Methods</jats:italic>. 68 patients treated in our foot clinic for infected chronic DFUs with 34 matched diabetic controls were studied. Patients with infected DFUs were subdivided into two subgroups according to the antibiotic sensitivity of causal pathogen: subgroup S infected by sensitive (<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M1"><mml:mi>n</mml:mi><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn fontstyle="italic">50</mml:mn></mml:math>) and subgroup R by resistant pathogens (<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M2"><mml:mi>n</mml:mi><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn fontstyle="italic">18</mml:mn></mml:math>). Selected immunological markers were compared between the study groups and subgroups.<jats:italic> Results</jats:italic>. Patients with infected chronic DFUs had, in comparison with diabetic controls, significantly reduced percentages (<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M3"><mml:mi>p</mml:mi><mml:mo><</mml:mo><mml:mn fontstyle="italic">0.01</mml:mn></mml:math>) and total numbers of lymphocytes (<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M4"><mml:mi>p</mml:mi><mml:mo><</mml:mo><mml:mn fontstyle="italic">0.001</mml:mn></mml:math>) involving B lymphocytes (<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M5"><mml:mi>p</mml:mi><mml:mo><</mml:mo><mml:mn fontstyle="italic">0.01</mml:mn></mml:math>), CD4+ (<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M6"><mml:mi>p</mml:mi><mml:mo><</mml:mo><mml:mn fontstyle="italic">0.01</mml:mn></mml:math>), and CD8+ T cells (<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M7"><mml:mi>p</mml:mi><mml:mo><</mml:mo><mml:mn fontstyle="italic">0.01</mml:mn></mml:math>) and their naive and memory effector cells. Higher levels of IgG (<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M8"><mml:mi>p</mml:mi><mml:mo><</mml:mo><mml:mn fontstyle="italic">0.05</mml:mn></mml:math>) including IgG1 (<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M9"><mml:mi>p</mml:mi><mml:mo><</mml:mo><mml:mn fontstyle="italic">0.001</mml:mn></mml:math>) and IgG3 (<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M10"><mml:mi>p</mml:mi><mml:mo><</mml:mo><mml:mn fontstyle="italic">0.05</mml:mn></mml:math>) were found in patients with DFUs compared to diabetic controls. Serum levels of immunoglobulin subclasses IgG2 and IgG3 correlated negatively with metabolic control (<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M11"><mml:mi>p</mml:mi><mml:mo><</mml:mo><mml:mn fontstyle="italic">0.05</mml:mn></mml:math>). A trend towards an increased frequency of IgG2 deficiency was found in patients with DFUs compared to diabetic controls (22% versus 15%; NS). Subgroup R revealed lower levels of immunoglobulins, especially of IgG4 (<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M12"><mml:mi>p</mml:mi><mml:mo><</mml:mo><mml:mn fontstyle="italic">0.01</mml:mn></mml:math>) in contrast to patients infected by sensitive bacteria. The innate immunity did not differ significantly between the study groups.<jats:italic> Conclusion</jats:italic>. Our study showed changes mainly in the adaptive immune system represented by low levels of lymphocyte subpopulations and their memory effector cells, and also changes in humoral immunity in patients with DFUs, even those infected by resistant pathogens, in comparison with diabetic controls.</jats:p>