Beschreibung:
<jats:p> Burning on flat plates was studied at various orientations with respect to gravity. Flat wicks of ceramic (Kaowool PM) board (10 cm wide and 1–10 cm long) were saturated with methanol or ethanol. Steady flames were obtained that ranged from boundary layer flames to plume-type burning. The onset of unsteady flow and transition to turbulence commenced at Grashof numbers of 10<jats:sup>6</jats:sup>–10<jats:sup>7</jats:sup>, increasing with decreasing angle (toward underside burning). The average burning rate per unit area was recorded along with the flame location. Experiments on polymethylmethacrylate were used for comparison with the liquid-wick results. The results roughly correlated with laminar pure convective theory, and improved results were indicated when the gravity term associated with the pressure gradient normal to the plate was included. Theoretical results by the integral method to reduce the partial differential equations to ordinary differential equations are presented. </jats:p>