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Medientyp:
E-Artikel
Titel:
Live–virtual–constructive simulation for testing and evaluation of air combat tactics, techniques, and procedures, Part 1: assessment framework
Beteiligte:
Mansikka, Heikki;
Virtanen, Kai;
Harris, Don;
Salomäki, Jaakko
Erschienen:
SAGE Publications, 2021
Erschienen in:The Journal of Defense Modeling and Simulation: Applications, Methodology, Technology
Sprache:
Englisch
DOI:
10.1177/1548512919886375
ISSN:
1548-5129;
1557-380X
Entstehung:
Anmerkungen:
Beschreibung:
<jats:p> This paper advances live (L), virtual (V), and constructive (C) simulation methodologies by introducing a new LVC simulation framework for the development of air combat tactics, techniques, and procedures (TTP). In the framework, TTP is developed iteratively in separate C-, V-, and L-simulation stages. This allows the utilization of the strengths of each simulation class while avoiding the challenges of pure LVC simulations. The C-stage provides the optimal TTP with respect to the probabilities of survival ( P<jats:sub>s</jats:sub>) and kill ( P<jats:sub>k</jats:sub>) of aircraft without considering the human–machine interaction (HMI). In the V-stage, the optimal TTP is modified by assessing its applicability with P<jats:sub>k</jats:sub> and P<jats:sub>s</jats:sub>, as well as HMI measures regarding pilots’ situation awareness, mental workload, and TTP adherence. In the L-stage, real aircraft are used to evaluate whether the developed TTP leads to acceptable P<jats:sub>k</jats:sub>, P<jats:sub>s</jats:sub>, and HMI measures in a real-life environment. The iterative nature of the framework enables that V- or L-stages can reveal flaws of the TTP and an inadequate TTP can be returned to the C- or V-stage for revision. This paper is Part 1 of a two-part study. Part 2 demonstrates the use of the framework with operationally used C- and V-simulators as well as real F/A-18C aircraft and pilots. </jats:p>