Beschreibung:
<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:sec>
<jats:title>Background</jats:title>
<jats:p><jats:italic>Uvaria chamae (Annonaceae), Phyllantus amarus (Phyllantaceae)</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Lantana camara (Verbenaceae)</jats:italic> are empirically alleged to be used as Beninese medicinal plants in the treatment of salmonellosis. This study aimed to produce scientific data on in vitro and in vivo <jats:italic>efficacy</jats:italic> of <jats:italic>Uvaria chamae, Lantana camara</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Phyllantus amarus</jats:italic> on multiresistant <jats:italic>Salmonella spp</jats:italic> isolated in Benin.</jats:p>
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<jats:title>Results</jats:title>
<jats:p>After performing in vitro tests on aqueous and ethanolic extracts of these plants, only the aqueous extract of <jats:italic>Uvaria chamae</jats:italic> (leaves) showed the best anti-<jats:italic>Salmonella</jats:italic>’s activity and was used for this in vivo experiment. The induction of salmonellosis revealed 9 × 10<jats:sup>8</jats:sup> CFU/ml was the optimal concentration triggering and maintaining symptoms in chicks. This infective concentration was used for in vivo assessment. Twenty-four hours post inoculation, the symptoms of salmonellosis (wet cloaca, diarrhea stools and somnolence) were observed in infected groups<jats:italic>.</jats:italic> After 7 days of treatment, the reduction of bacterial load at 100 mg/L, 200 mg/L, 400 mg/L of the extract was respectively 85%, 52.38% and 98% for <jats:italic>Uvaria chamae, Phyllantus amarus</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Lantana camara</jats:italic> in the chick’s groups infected with <jats:italic>Salmonella</jats:italic> Typhimurium ATCC 14028. On the other hand, colistin completely cancelled the bacterial load (reduction rate of 100%).</jats:p>
<jats:p>With the groups infected with <jats:italic>Salmonella spp</jats:italic> (virulent strain), the reduction rate of bacterial load at 100 mg/L, 200 mg/L, 400 mg/L of extract was 0%, 98.66%, and 99.33%. The extracts at 200 and 400 mg/L were more active than colistin, which reduced the bacterial load by 33.33%.</jats:p>
<jats:p>The toxicity tests did not show any negative effect of Colistin and the <jats:italic>Uvaria chamae</jats:italic>’s extract on the biochemical and hematological parameters of the chicks.</jats:p>
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<jats:title>Conclusion</jats:title>
<jats:p>The aqueous extract of <jats:italic>Uvaria chamae</jats:italic> is active in vitro and in vivo on multiresistant strains of <jats:italic>Salmonella enterica</jats:italic>. This plant is a good candidate for the development of an improved traditional medicine for the management of salmonellosis.</jats:p>
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