Male genitourinary schistosomiasis-related symptoms among long-term Western African migrants in Spain: a prospective population-based screening study

Medientyp: E-Artikel
Titel: Male genitourinary schistosomiasis-related symptoms among long-term Western African migrants in Spain: a prospective population-based screening study
Beteiligte: Roure, Sílvia; Vallès, Xavier; Pérez-Quílez, Olga; López-Muñoz, Israel; Chamorro, Anna; Abad, Elena; Valerio, Lluís; Soldevila, Laura; España, Sergio; Hegazy, Alaa H. A.; Fernández-Rivas, Gema; Gorriz, Ester; Herena, Dolores; Oliveira, Mário; Miralles, Maria Carme; Conde, Carmen; Montero-Alia, Juan José; Fernández-Pedregal, Elia; Miranda-Sánchez, Jose; Llibre, Josep M.; Isnard, Mar; Bonet, Josep Maria; Estrada, Oriol; Prat, Núria; [...]
Erschienen: Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2024
Erschienen in: Infectious Diseases of Poverty, 13 (2024) 1
Sprache: Englisch
DOI: 10.1186/s40249-024-01190-8
ISSN: 2049-9957
Schlagwörter: Infectious Diseases ; Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ; General Medicine
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Beschreibung: <jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:sec> <jats:title>Background</jats:title> <jats:p>Schistosomiasis is highly endemic in sub-Saharan Africa and frequently imported to Europe. Male urogenital manifestations are often neglected. We aimed to ascertain the prevalence of genitourinary clinical signs and symptoms among long-term African migrants in a non-endemic European country using a serology test.</jats:p> </jats:sec><jats:sec> <jats:title>Methods</jats:title> <jats:p>We carried out a prospective, community-based cross-sectional study of adult male migrants from sub-Saharan Africa living in Spain. <jats:italic>Schistosoma</jats:italic> serology tests and microscopic urine examinations were carried out, and clinical data were obtained from an electronic medical record search and a structured questionnaire.</jats:p> </jats:sec><jats:sec> <jats:title>Results</jats:title> <jats:p>We included 388 adult males, mean age 43.5 years [Standard Deviation (<jats:italic>SD)</jats:italic> = 12.0, range: 18–76]. The median time since migration to the European Union was 17 [Interquartile range (IQR): 11–21] years. The most frequent country of origin was Senegal (<jats:italic>N</jats:italic> = 179, 46.1%). Of the 338, 147 (37.6%) tested positive for <jats:italic>Schistosoma.</jats:italic> Parasite eggs were present in the urine of only 1.3%. Nine genitourinary clinical items were significantly associated with positive <jats:italic>Schistosoma</jats:italic> serology results: pelvic pain (45.2%; <jats:italic>OR</jats:italic> = 1.57, 95% <jats:italic>CI</jats:italic>: 1.0–2.4), pain on ejaculation (14.5%; <jats:italic>OR</jats:italic> = 1.85, 95% <jats:italic>CI</jats:italic>: 1.0–3.5), dyspareunia (12.4%; <jats:italic>OR</jats:italic> = 2.45, 95% <jats:italic>CI</jats:italic>: 1.2–5.2), erectile dysfunction (9.5%; <jats:italic>OR</jats:italic> = 3.10, 95% <jats:italic>CI</jats:italic>: 1.3–7.6), self-reported episodes of infertility (32.1%; <jats:italic>OR</jats:italic> = 1.69, 95% <jats:italic>CI</jats:italic>: 1.0–2.8), haematuria (55.2%; <jats:italic>OR</jats:italic> = 2.37, 95% <jats:italic>CI</jats:italic>: 1.5–3.6), dysuria (52.1%; <jats:italic>OR</jats:italic> = 2.01, 95% <jats:italic>CI</jats:italic>: 1.3–3.1), undiagnosed syndromic STIs (5.4%), and orchitis (20.7%; <jats:italic>OR</jats:italic> = 1.81, 95% <jats:italic>CI</jats:italic>: 1.0–3.1). Clinical signs tended to cluster.</jats:p> </jats:sec><jats:sec> <jats:title>Conclusions</jats:title> <jats:p>Urogenital clinical signs and symptoms are prevalent among male African long-term migrants with a positive <jats:italic>Schistosoma</jats:italic> serology results. Genital involvement can be frequent even among those with long periods of non-residence in their sub-Saharan African countries of origin. Further research is needed to develop diagnostic tools and validate therapeutic approaches to chronic schistosomiasis.</jats:p> </jats:sec><jats:sec> <jats:title>Graphical Abstract</jats:title> </jats:sec>
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