Beschreibung:
<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Multiple sclerosis (<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">MS</jats:styled-content>) is the most common cause for sustained disability in young adults, yet treatment options remain very limited. Although numerous therapeutic approaches have been effective in rodent models of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">EAE</jats:styled-content>), only few proved to be beneficial in patients with <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">MS</jats:styled-content>. Hence, there is a strong need for more predictive animal models. Within the past decade, <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">EAE</jats:styled-content> in the common marmoset evolved as a potent, alternative model for <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">MS</jats:styled-content>, with immunological and pathological features resembling more closely the human disease. However, an often very rapid and severe disease course hampers its implementation for systematic testing of new treatment strategies. We here developed a new focal model of <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">EAE</jats:styled-content> in the common marmoset, induced by myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">MOG)</jats:styled-content> immunization and stereotactic injections of proinflammatory cytokines. At the injection site of cytokines, confluent inflammatory demyelinating lesions developed that strongly resembled human <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">MS</jats:styled-content> lesions. In a proof‐of‐principle treatment study with the immunomodulatory compound laquinimod, we demonstrate that targeted <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">EAE</jats:styled-content> in marmosets provides a promising and valid tool for preclinical experimental treatment trials in <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">MS</jats:styled-content> research.</jats:p>