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Medientyp:
E-Artikel
Titel:
Too much of a good thing: sea ice extent may have forced emperor penguins into refugia during the last glacial maximum
Beteiligte:
Younger, Jane L.;
Clucas, Gemma V.;
Kooyman, Gerald;
Wienecke, Barbara;
Rogers, Alex D.;
Trathan, Philip N.;
Hart, Tom;
Miller, Karen J.
Erschienen:
Wiley, 2015
Erschienen in:Global Change Biology
Sprache:
Englisch
DOI:
10.1111/gcb.12882
ISSN:
1365-2486;
1354-1013
Entstehung:
Anmerkungen:
Beschreibung:
<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>The relationship between population structure and demographic history is critical to understanding microevolution and for predicting the resilience of species to environmental change. Using mitochondrial <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">DNA</jats:styled-content> from extant colonies and radiocarbon‐dated subfossils, we present the first microevolutionary analysis of emperor penguins (<jats:italic>Aptenodytes forsteri</jats:italic>) and show their population trends throughout the last glacial maximum (<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">LGM</jats:styled-content>, 19.5–16 kya) and during the subsequent period of warming and sea ice retreat. We found evidence for three mitochondrial clades within emperor penguins, suggesting that they were isolated within three glacial refugia during the <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">LGM</jats:styled-content>. One of these clades has remained largely isolated within the Ross Sea, while the two other clades have intermixed around the coast of Antarctica from Adélie Land to the Weddell Sea. The differentiation of the Ross Sea population has been preserved despite rapid population growth and opportunities for migration. Low effective population sizes during the <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">LGM</jats:styled-content>, followed by a rapid expansion around the beginning of the Holocene, suggest that an optimum set of sea ice conditions exist for emperor penguins, corresponding to available foraging area.</jats:p>