Beschreibung:
<jats:title>ABSTRACT</jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE</jats:title><jats:p>Several studies have aimed to find potential biomarkers to simplify the diagnosis of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) and to monitor and predict the disease course. However, reliable markers are still lacking. We aimed to investigate whether high‐resolution nerve ultrasound (HRUS) is suitable for monitoring the long‐term clinical course of CIDP.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>METHODS</jats:title><jats:p>Twenty patients fulfilling the definite diagnostic criteria of CIDP received clinical examination, evaluation of the INCAT (inflammatory neuropathy cause and treatment) overall disability sum score (ODSS) as well as nerve conduction studies, and HRUS every 6 months over a median follow‐up time of 34 months. Patients were divided into clinically stable/regressive disease course or progressive disease course according to the development of the ODSS.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS</jats:title><jats:p>The intranerve cross‐sectional‐area (CSA) variability of the nerves of the lower extremity increased with disease progression, whereas it remained unchanged in patients with a stable or remitting disease course.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSION</jats:title><jats:p>Nerve ultrasound can be used as a method to objectify the long‐term disease course in CIDP patients. The intranerve CSA variability is suitable for monitoring the clinical course of patients with CIDP.</jats:p></jats:sec>