Beschreibung:
<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>The relative efficacy of a mechanical (Prokopack) collection method vs. manual aspiration in the collection of resting mosquitoes was evaluated in northern Tanzania before and after an intervention using indoor residual spraying and longlasting insecticide‐treated nets. In smoke‐free houses mosquitoes were collected from the roof and walls, but in smoky houses mosquitoes were found predominantly on the walls. <jats:italic>Anopheles gambiae</jats:italic> (Diptera: Culicidae) constituted 97.7% of the 312 <jats:italic>An. gambiae</jats:italic> complex specimens identified before but only 19.3% of the 183 identified after the intervention. A single sampling with the Prokopack collected a third of the available insects. <jats:italic>Anopheles gambiae</jats:italic> completed its gonotrophic development indoors, whereas <jats:italic>Anopheles arabiensis</jats:italic> did so outdoors. In both species gonotrophic development took 2 days. Most unfed resting <jats:italic>An. arabiensis</jats:italic> collected outdoors were virgins, whereas the majority of engorged insects were parous (with well‐contracted sacs). Daily survival was estimated to be 80.0%. Only 9.4% of the engorged <jats:italic>An. arabiensis</jats:italic> collected outdoors and 47.1% of those collected indoors had fed on humans. Using the Prokopack sampler is more efficient than manual methods for the collection of resting mosquitoes. Malaria transmission may have been affected by a change in vector composition resulting from a change in feeding, rather than reduced survival. Monitoring the proportions of members of the <jats:italic>An. gambiae</jats:italic> complex may provide signals of an impending breakdown in control.</jats:p>