Beschreibung:
<jats:p>Among vocal ornaments trill is the least well known. Several records of trills done by great singers have been analyzed in order to define and measure relevant characteristics for this ornament: the amplitude of the vibrato during the preparation, the extension and speed of the trill itself, the termination pattern. The importance of the accompanying amplitude modulation has also been investigated. An hypothesis for the particular vocal technique of bass singers is proposed. These various acoustical parameters are used as data for digital synthesis based on formant-waveform algorithm. Artificial vocal sequences are tested by subjects in order to evaluate the perceptual effect of the variations of the acoustical parameters and to appreciate the relative importance of the different elements of a trill. These experiments have pointed out the great importance of the preparation phase for perceiving a trill, and appreciating its interval (major or minor).</jats:p>