Hattenrath-Lehmann, Theresa K.;
Zhen, Yu;
Wallace, Ryan B.;
Tang, Ying-Zhong;
Gobler, Christopher J.
Mapping the Distribution of Cysts from the Toxic Dinoflagellate Cochlodinium polykrikoides in Bloom-Prone Estuaries by a Novel Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization Assay
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Medientyp:
E-Artikel
Titel:
Mapping the Distribution of Cysts from the Toxic Dinoflagellate Cochlodinium polykrikoides in Bloom-Prone Estuaries by a Novel Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization Assay
Beteiligte:
Hattenrath-Lehmann, Theresa K.;
Zhen, Yu;
Wallace, Ryan B.;
Tang, Ying-Zhong;
Gobler, Christopher J.
Erschienen:
American Society for Microbiology, 2016
Erschienen in:Applied and Environmental Microbiology
Sprache:
Englisch
DOI:
10.1128/aem.03457-15
ISSN:
0099-2240;
1098-5336
Entstehung:
Anmerkungen:
Beschreibung:
<jats:title>ABSTRACT</jats:title>
<jats:p>
<jats:named-content content-type="genus-species">Cochlodinium polykrikoides</jats:named-content>
is a cosmopolitan dinoflagellate that is notorious for causing fish-killing harmful algal blooms (HABs) across North America and Asia. While recent laboratory and ecosystem studies have definitively demonstrated that
<jats:named-content content-type="genus-species">Cochlodinium</jats:named-content>
forms resting cysts that may play a key role in the dynamics of its HABs, uncertainties regarding cyst morphology and detection have prohibited even a rudimentary understanding of the distribution of
<jats:named-content content-type="genus-species">C. polykrikoides</jats:named-content>
cysts in coastal ecosystems. Here, we report on the development of a fluorescence
<jats:italic>in situ</jats:italic>
hybridization (FISH) assay using oligonucleotide probes specific for the large subunit (LSU) ribosomal DNA (rDNA) of
<jats:named-content content-type="genus-species">C. polykrikoides</jats:named-content>
. The LSU rDNA-targeted FISH assay was used with epifluorescence microscopy and was iteratively refined to maximize the fluorescent reaction with
<jats:named-content content-type="genus-species">C. polykrikoides</jats:named-content>
and minimize cross-reactivity. The final LSU rDNA-targeted FISH assay was found to quantitatively recover cysts made by North American isolates of
<jats:named-content content-type="genus-species">C. polykrikoides</jats:named-content>
but not cysts formed by other common cyst-forming dinoflagellates. The method was then applied to identify and map
<jats:named-content content-type="genus-species">C. polykrikoides</jats:named-content>
cysts across bloom-prone estuaries. Annual cyst and vegetative cell surveys revealed that elevated densities of
<jats:named-content content-type="genus-species">C. polykrikoides</jats:named-content>
cysts (>100 cm
<jats:sup>−3</jats:sup>
) during the spring of a given year were spatially consistent with regions of dense blooms the prior summer. The identity of cysts in sediments was confirmed via independent amplification of
<jats:named-content content-type="genus-species">C. polykrikoides</jats:named-content>
rDNA. This study mapped
<jats:named-content content-type="genus-species">C. polykrikoides</jats:named-content>
cysts in a natural marine setting and indicates that the excystment of cysts formed by this harmful alga may play a key role in the development of HABs of this species.
</jats:p>